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- W3121517735 abstract "C. Defining Pro-Constitutional Attitudes and Responsibilities (113) The task of defining behavior for elected representatives is more complex than the analogous task of defining pro-constitutional behavior for judges. The ethics, virtues, and desirable attitudes or habits of mind of an elected representative cannot be expected to overlap entirely with those of a judge; they are different roles, with different tasks. Some lines are drawn with relative clarity about the role of a judge--to be principled, consistent, and impartial. For a representative, it seems much harder--what is the core? Ian Shapiro writes: If representatives follow Burke's ... admonition not to sacrifice their judgment to the opinions of their constituents, they are vulnerable to charges of elitism, yet if their actions reflect the vicissitudes of public opinion, then they are pandering. In short, representation is an elusive notion in democracies, a seemingly inevitable practice whose legitimacy is inescapably suspect. (114) What, if any, norms of impartiality towards all constituents or the whole country, do members have? Would we really want representatives who are as principled in their actions in public office as judges? That the Constitution subjects representatives but not judges to frequent elections suggests not. (115) Do we rather want representatives who can work with, and compromise with, other representatives to produce a product (legislation) that can function as law? (116) Accountability, to be sure, is an important part of being a representative--but to whom or what? to the people who voted for the representative or to the whole constituency? to the country as a whole or to her political party? to the legislature of which she serves as a part? or even, to a limited extent, to those beyond the country who are affected by her action or inaction? Accountability has something of an after-the-fact quality to it. Is there more to being a good representative than being accountable to the right constituencies or stakeholders? I am not sure there is one single normative conceptualization that will capture the range of ways of being a good representative and the range of considerations that inform judgments of the right course of action for a conscientious representative. (117) There are, of course, the nots--thou shalt not take bribes for legislative votes, nor engage in extortionate misuse of the office. There are also the important constitutional nots--thou shalt not pass a law abridging the freedom of speech, or establishing religion. (118) Such constitutional commandments certainly embrace a role for representatives themselves to develop an understanding of what those constitutional limits are. But what are the positive thou shalts? What does it mean to give a good account of oneself as a representative in a constitutional democracy? (119) in a constitutional democracy built on commitments to divisions of power, checks and balances, federalism, the protection of liberty and of the fundamental equality of all members of the polity? 1. Acting as Part of Ongoing Government As argued in Part II.B above, perhaps one could say that an elected representative has some obligation to make the in which she serves work for the people--that is, to govern, to act, rather than simply to obstruct. I recognize that a representative may have a conception that obstructing big government projects, or some trends, is both the right thing to do and what she was elected to do. But even so, standing for Congress and being elected surely can be understood to carry with it an obligation to participate, affirmatively, in governance, even if only for those most basic functions of a state, and those required, implicitly or explicitly, by the Constitution (for example, to provide for a census every ten years, or to guarantee a republican form of government). …" @default.
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- W3121517735 date "2016-04-01" @default.
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- W3121517735 title "Pro-Constitutional Representation: Comparing the Role Obligations of Judges and Elected Representatives in Constitutional Democracy" @default.
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