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• W3121545470 abstract "INTRODUCTION Over half a century ago, Rico legislature legalized gambling in an effort promote tourism island.1 To help ensure that local population would not overindulge in this particular vice, however, legislature at same time provided that [n]o gambling room shall be permitted advertise or otherwise offer their facilities public of Rico.2 Thirty years later a operator challenged statutory advertising ban and its implementing regulations as violating freedom of speech guaranteed by First Amendment.3 Although Superior Court of Rico agreed with that regulations-which, among other things, had barred use of word casino on matchbooks and even interoffice or external correspondence-were capricious, arbitrary, erroneous and unreasonable, and ha[d] proIMAGE FORMULA7duced absurd results which are contrary law,14 it refused invalidate statutory advertising ban. Instead, it issued narrowing constructions of statute and regulations prohibit advertisements . . . in local publicity media addressed inviting residents of Rico visit casinos.5 The Rico Supreme Court upheld lower court and appealed U.S. Supreme Court. In Posadas de Rico Associates v. Tourism Co., Supreme Court affirmed Rico courts by a 5-4 decision written by then-Justice Rehnquist.6 First applying mid-level scrutiny for regulations of commercial speech that it had announced in its Central Hudson decision six years earlier,7 majority determined that regulations, as narrowed by Rico courts, passed muster because they directly advanced a substantial governmental in reducing demand for gambling by residents of Rico and were no more extensive than necessary serve that interest.8 Second, and seemingly in alternative, majority explained that the greater power completely ban gambling necessarily includes lesser power ban advertising of gambling.9 The four liberal Justices dissented in two separate opinions. Justice Brennan, joined by Justices Marshall and Blackmun, spent bulk of his dissent arguing that majority did not faithfully apply Central Hudson.10 Observing first that legislature permitted Rican residents to engage in a variety of other gambling activities-including horse racing, 'picas,' cockfighting, and Rico lottery-all of which are allowed advertise freely IMAGE FORMULA9residents,11 Brennan concluded that government had failed show that a substantial supported advertising ban. But even assuming otherwise, he continued, government also failed show either that advertising ban directly advanced its interest in controlling harmful effects allegedly associated with gambling,12 or that its interests could not be advanced in a manner more solicitous of speech interests-as by establish[ing] limits on level of permissible betting, or promulgat[ing] additional speech designed discourage gambling among residents.13 Justice Stevens, also joined by Justices Marshall and Blackmun, responded majority's use of greater/lesser reasoning. Although observing that [w]hether a State may ban all advertising of an activity that it permits but could prohibit-such as gambling, prostitution, or consumption of marijuana or liquor-- is an elegant question of constitutional law,14 Stevens contended that it was not a question appropriate address . . . in this case because Rico's rather bizarre restraints on speech are so forbidden by First Amendment.15 In particular, Stevens identified at least three defects arising from fact that Rico did not actually ban all advertising of gambling: regulations plainly discriminate[d] in terms of intended listener or reader, singling out Puerto Rico's residents . …" @default.
• W3121545470 created "2021-02-01" @default.
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• W3121545470 date "2002-04-01" @default.
• W3121545470 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3121545470 title "Commercial Speech and the Unconstitutional Conditions Doctrine: A Second Look at The Greater Includes the Lesser" @default.
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