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- W3121569378 abstract "INTRODUCTIONThe First Amendment is often understood in the context of individuals expressing views about democracy, partaking in debates, engaging in self-expressive conversations, creating artistic works, and contributing to discussions.1 That broadly theoretical framework is historically derived from the Framers' arguments against taxation without representation and the establishment of deliberative government.2 The broad conception of speech also contemporaneously informs pressing debates about police cameras,3 internet blogs,4 corporate financing of political campaigns,5 and protests near abortion clinics.6Support for terrorism on the internet and legislative efforts to shut it down pose challenges to traditional political speech doctrines because they raise conflicting liberty and security concerns. Supporters of terrorism communicate to advance violent political ideologies, which are typically protected by the First Amendment, but also sometimes incite, threaten, and conspire to commit violence, which are expressions that enjoy no such constitutional protection.Arguably the most pressing question in the free speech area today is whether and to what extent terrorist speech is protected by the First Amendment. One of the most intriguing policy questions concerns terrorists' uses of the internet as an instrument of indoctrination and recruitment. The U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime cogently stated the importance of enacting a U.S. internet anti-terrorist statute, imploring that [i]t would be extremely helpful to other countries if the United States could find a solution to its limited ability to furnish judicial cooperation concerning foreign incitement offenses resulting from its jurisprudence concerning freedom of speech and expression.7 This Essay develops a framework for passing such a law without offending the principles of free speech doctrine.The matter is not straightforward, however. Under ordinary circumstances, the First Amendment protects offensive and obnoxious speech; therefore, even membership in violent and autocratic organizations is privileged against adverse state actions, except in very specific circumstances, such as when it advocates imminently dangerous activities.8 However, recruitment, indoctrination, and training create more difficult problems for First Amendment theory, particularly when these communicative activities are done in coordination with terrorist organizations. The First Amendment dilemma arises because classic doctrines prohibit the state from repressing offensive expressions but permit restrictions on incitement. Terrorist communications on the internet often contain both elements, challenging the scope and applicability of traditional incitement jurisprudence.The troubling nature of this subject is brought home by concrete examples of terrorist recruitment. Numerous terrorists-such as Omar Mateen, whose attack of the Pulse nightclub in Miami left forty-nine dead and fifty-three injured-were at least partly radicalized through materials circulated on the internet.9 The broad reach of the internet has made it easier than ever to establish terrorist contacts; groups that were formerly so geographically dispersed that communications between them were either impractical or impossible now have the means to collaborate, share membership lists, recruit new members, and advise each other. This Essay considers the extent to which terrorist speech can be combatted without running afoul of free speech norms in the United States. I argue that the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment is not a bar against the limitation of intentionally inciting, truly threatening, and coordinated terrorist advocacy. Part I sets out the proliferating problem of terrorist digital content on social media. Part II turns to U.S. free speech doctrine and offers preliminary thoughts about the types of terror communications that might be curtailed without running afoul of the First Amendment. …" @default.
- W3121569378 created "2021-02-01" @default.
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- W3121569378 date "2017-03-01" @default.
- W3121569378 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3121569378 title "Terrorist Speech on Social Media" @default.
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