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- W3122019424 abstract "The World Trade Organization’s legal framework is built on the ideas that international trade should promote economic development beyond economic growth, enable shared benefits from economic cooperation, and level the playing field among developed and developing countries. Most provisions in WTO law allowing accommodations for developing countries require that the accommodations advance the recipient countries’ “development, financial, and trade needs.” In particular, the Enabling Clause contains this phrase and, per the Appellate Body’s Report in EC-Tariff Preferences, this creates a legal obligation that preferential treatment advance “development, financial, and trade needs.” Consequently, any Generalized Systems of Preferences (GSP) adopted pursuant to the Enabling Clause must “respond positively to the needs of developing countries.” But the phrase “development, financial, and trade needs” is not defined anywhere in the WTO Covered Agreements. As a result, special and differential treatment granted by developed countries, and the treatment’s conditionality upon, or “linkage” to, social and human rights goals, remain subject to the whim of domestic political and industry interests, without guideposts to define what can and cannot fall within GSP linkage. In an effort to bring greater coherence to the policy structuring and WTO-consistency of GSP linkage, this Article seeks to formulate a definition of this phrase by presenting specific objectives that, as argued by this Article, constitute “development, financial, and trade needs” within the WTO legal framework. Drawing upon sources of WTO law and interpretative elements, as informed by EC-Tariff Preferences, this Article proffers that “development, financial, and trade needs” nonexclusively include market access, poverty reduction, sustainable development, and education." @default.
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- W3122019424 date "2012-01-01" @default.
- W3122019424 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W3122019424 title "Strengthening the Link in Linkage: Defining Development Needs in WTO Law" @default.
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