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• W3122457964 abstract "The process of structural transformation forms the very basis of economic growth and development. This paper analyses the implications of alternate patterns of structural change for changes in the overall distribution of income within an economy. An empirical analysis is carried out based on evidence from seventy-eight developing and transition economies and developed countries. The estimated results from a fixed effects panel data model, indicate the existence of substantial differences as well as important similarities between developed and developing country experience with respect to structural change and associated changes in income inequality.Keywords: Income distribution. Inequality, Informal sector. Institutions, Panel data, Structural changeJEL Classification: C23, D31, O15, O17I. IntroductionIn recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in issues related to the distribution of income. In the era of globalization, with reforms being the mantra everywhere, existing economic structures within countries are undergoing rapid change. This paper explores how the distribution of income witirta countries is likely to be affected with economic transformation. We seek to identify a general result, if any, relating alternate patterns of structural change to changes in the overall distribution of income.The importance of the underlying process of structural change in explaining observed changes in income distribution was highlighted in the seminal contribution of Kuznets (1955) and subsequentiy, in the vast literature on the Kuznets curve. As such the idea is not new. However, at the current conjuncture, given the observed patterns of structural change in developed and developing countries, several interesting questions can be raised anew.Drawing on the historical development experience of developed countries like USA UK, and Germany, Kuznets (1955) argued that overall income inequality is likely to rise as industrial transformation gets underway. Historically these countries experienced declining shares of agriculture in aggregate output and employment along with growing importance of the industrial sector. Once industrial transformation was well under way, the service sector became Increasingly Important (see Johnston (1970) for a survey of these issues). This pattern of development is associated with increasing inequality in the initial stages, with the transfer of labour from a low- wage-, low-inequality-, agricultural sector to a relatively higher- wage-, higher-inequality- industrial sector.However, the experience of developing countries differs from this classic pattern in several important respects. While the share of agriculture in aggregate output has declined, this has been accompanied by growing importance of the service sector, rather than the industrial sector. Unlike the post-war trend in Western European countries, a large segment of the labour force in developing nations moved directly from agriculture to the service sector (see UNCTAD 1988; Nayyar 1994).Currently, the share of services in output and employment is high and rising in both developed and developing countries alike. However, serviceorientation followed industrialization in developed nations, while preceding it in poor countries. Thus two strikingly different patterns of structural change are associated with the same phenomenon, viz., rising share of services in output and employment.Several questions arise in this context. As structural change leads to service-orientation, rather than industrial transformation, what are the likely consequences for change in income inequality? Given deep inherent differences in structural characteristics between developed and developing countries, service orientation should lead to different distributional outcomes in the two country groups. Is this borne out by empirical evidence?For a deeper understanding of these issues, we examine evidence on structural change and income inequality for a group of seventy-eight developed, developing and transition economies over the period 1980 to 2005. …" @default.
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• W3122457964 date "2012-04-01" @default.
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• W3122457964 title "Income Distribution and Structural Transformation: Empirical Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries" @default.
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