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• W3122472692 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The nature of demands its constraint and regulation, and in contemporary conflict this is found in international humanitarian law (IHL). (1) This legal framework aims to alleviate the effects of conflict by restricting the means and methods of warfare and directly protecting those not, or no longer, participating in the conflict. (2) The application of particular IHL rule sets is traditionally predicated on qualifying a conflict as either international or non-international. (3) Many of the rules specific to each framework are significantly different in scope and detail; for instance, the status of combatant, prisoner-of-war (POW) and protected person are applicable only within international conflict. (4) The often broad geographic and temporal reach of today's conflicts, as well as the involvement of a combination of state and non-state actors, complicates this preliminary assessment of international versus non-international conflict. (5) This complexity may result in disagreement and uncertainty in the classification of a conflict under IHL, which may in turn lead to the adoption of a legal scheme deficient of adequate protection. (6) This Note examines the traditional binary qualification framework in the context of contemporary conflicts marked by ever-changing degrees of cross-border activity, third-state involvement, and non-state actor participation. (7) First, this Note lays out the material scope of international and non-international conflicts. (8) Next, it examines three cases in which the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and the U.S. Supreme Court addressed questions of qualification. (9) The Note then questions whether the binary framework is incongruous with contemporary conflicts due to the difficulty in qualifying many situations. (10) The Note concludes by suggesting that rather than develop new law to address current challenges, a broader and more flexible application of protections found in existing law, less restricted by the traditional dichotomy, may provide a constructive and practical basis from which to proceed when determining application of international or non-international conflict rules to specific contexts. (11) II. FRAMEWORK FOR QUALIFICATION A. State-centricity of the IHL Framework IHL is traditionally state-centric, falling within the larger category of public international law. (12) This inherent state-centricity tests the application of the four Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols--ratified only by states--to contemporary situations in which non-state groups, often with transnational reach, play prominent roles. (13) Non-state actors' increasing participation in conflict complicates the classification analysis, yet demands a precise approach to classification under the IHL framework as a predicate for applying particular IHL provisions. (14) B. Application of IHL to Armed Conflict A key distinction in public international law is between the rules governing the resort to the use of force (jus ad bellum) and the rules governing the use of force (jus in bello) (15) IHL governs the latter, independent of determinations made within the framework of the former. (16) The drafters of the Geneva Convention replaced the term war with armed so as to preclude semantic arguments for non-application of the rules. (17) The IHL framework applies only to situations of conflict, and its application requires a factually based assessment that a certain threshold of violence is met. (18) The application of IHL, tied to the question of threshold of hostilities, provides for significantly different behavior by state agents. (19) For instance, during peace time a state is not allowed to target individuals based on their status, nor is the state allowed to detain people without charge; both are allowed, with some qualification, during conflict. …" @default.
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• W3122472692 date "2011-01-01" @default.
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• W3122472692 title "The Qualification Framework of International Humanitarian Law: Too Rigid to Accommodate Contemporary Conflicts?" @default.
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