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• W3122864923 abstract "For thirty years, Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) has imposed a fifteen-year mandatory minimum sentence on those people convicted as felons in possession of a firearm or ammunition who have three prior convictions for a or drug offense. Debate about law has existed mainly within a larger discussion on normative value of mandatory minimums. Assuming that ACCA endures, however, administering it will continue to be a challenge. The approach that courts use to determine whether past convictions qualify as ACCA predicate offenses creates ex ante uncertainty and potential for intercourt disparities. Furthermore, Supreme Court's guidance on sentencing ACCA defendants has been unclear. The resulting ambiguity creates inequity between defendants and fails to give them fair warning of statute's scope. This ambiguity also depletes resources of courts, defendants, and prosecutors and prevents statute from realizing its full potential of deterring crime. This Note argues that rather than allowing this debacle to continue, Congress should delegate to a federal agency task of compiling a binding list of state statutes that qualify as predicate offenses. Under this approach, states would assist federal agency by providing initial guidance on their ambiguous statutes. The U.S. Sentencing Commission has manpower, subject familiarity, and institutional incentives to build and maintain appendix, and state sentencing commissions would make ideal partners. In states that do not have sentencing commissions, comparable agencies and even properly incentivized attorneys general may be able to aid federal Sentencing Commission. Congress should leverage this undertaking to resolve related definitional questions about meaning of a crime in other areas of federal law.IntroductionThe Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), a federal criminal sentencing statute codified in a few brief sentences, has attracted substantial attention from Supreme Court. Most ACCA cases would probably never be appealed were it not for statute's life-altering impact-a fifteen-year mandatory minimum sentence for felons found in possession of a firearm or ammunition who have three previous convictions for a violent felony or serious drug offense.1Although judges sentence relatively few offenders under statute,2 frustrated courts, defendants, and prosecutors expend considerable resources on ACCA trials and appeals.3 Broad and imprecise statutory language as well as cryptic Supreme Court interpretations have predictably created confusion over ACCA's scope. As a result, defendants routinely challenge its application. Even among offenders convicted of crimes carrying mandatory minimum penalties-a group that proceeds to trial at nearly twice federal average for criminal defendants4-those sentenced under ACCA are nearly three times as likely to get to trial.5The ACCA's ambiguous reach stems mainly from uncertainty over which convictions count as ACCA predicate offenses. Three convictions for a violent felony or serious drug qualify felons in possession for sentencing under ACCA,6 but statute imprecisely defines these terms, and there is particular confusion about meaning of a felony. The ACCA lays out two ways that a conviction can be a predicate offense. It can have an element that involves the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against person of another.7 Alterna- tively, it can be burglary, arson, or extortion, involve[ ] use of explosives, or involve[ ] conduct that presents a potential risk of physical injury to another.8 The otherwise catchall tacked onto second prong of definition is known as residual clause. Its breadth is a source of substantial judicial confusion and academic debate.9Unclear guidance from Supreme Court on how sentencing courts should decide when a given conviction counts as an ACCA predicate offense contributes to statute's ill-defined outer limits. …" @default.
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• W3122864923 date "2014-10-01" @default.
• W3122864923 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W3122864923 title "A Comprehensive Administrative Solution to the Armed Career Criminal Act Debacle" @default.
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