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• W3122971711 abstract "Abstract The Court's most important decisions--on school segregation, reapportionment, free speech, and criminal procedure--are firmly entrenched in law. But idea persists, even among those who are sympathetic to results that Court reached, that what Court was doing was somehow not really law: that Court made it up, and that important Court decisions cannot be justified by reference to conventional legal materials. It is true that Court's most important decisions cannot be easily justified on basis of text of Constitution or original understandings. But in its major constitutional decisions, Court was, in a deep sense, a common law court. The decisions in Brown v. Board of Education, (1) Gideon v. Wainwright, (2) Miranda v. Arizona, (3) and even in reapportionment cases all can be justified as common law decisions. The Court's decisions in these areas resemble paradigm examples of innovation in common law, such as Cardozo's decision in MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. (4) In all of those areas, Court, although it was innovating, did so in a way that was justified by lessons drawn from precedents. And Court's decisions were consistent with presuppositions of a common law system: that judges should build on previous decisions rather than claiming superior insight, and that innovation should be justified on basis of what has gone before. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. THE COMMON LAW APPROACH A. Common Law Innovation in Action: MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co B. The Premises of Common Law II. THE WARREN COURT A. Brown v. Board of Education 1. What Justifies Brown? 2. Brown and Common Law Approach B. Gideon v. Wainwright C. Miranda v. Arizona D. The Reapportionment Cases CONCLUSION It is hard to overstate significance of Court to American legal culture. The Court's decisions--most notably, but not exclusively, Brown v. Board of Education, (5) which declared public school segregation unconstitutional--changed way people thought about courts in general and Supreme Court in particular. In first half of twentieth century, courts were, if anything, perceived as hostile to efforts to bring about equality and social justice; (6) after Court, courts came to be seen by many as natural place for people to turn to achieve these objectives. (7) The influence of Court has, moreover, spread beyond United States. The image of courts as institution with a special responsibility for disadvantaged has taken root elsewhere in world, and paradigm is Court. (8) Despite this record of success, though, notion still lingers that Court was essentially lawless. Morally visionary, yes, at least on racial segregation; (9) politically astute, perhaps, in sensing direction in which nation was moving at time; (10) but utterly deficient as a matter of legal craft. This view is held across spectrum, even by people who are broadly in agreement with Court's objectives. Mainstream legal scholars during Court years--including many who were politically inclined to approve of outcomes of Court decisions--relentlessly attacked Court in these terms. Alexander Bickel, probably most widely respected constitutional scholar of his time, accused the Supreme Court headed ... by Earl Warren of having engaged in an assault upon legal order. (11) Philip Kurland's Foreword to Supreme Court issue of Harvard Law Review in 1964 was overtly contemptuous of Justices' performance as lawyers; (12) Kurland later derided Brown v. Board of Education as the self-licensing of Court to recreate equal protection clause in its own image . …" @default.
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• W3122971711 date "2007-12-01" @default.
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• W3122971711 title "The Common Law Genius of the Warren Court" @default.
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