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• W3123310695 abstract "I. I have much to agree with in remarks of Professor Otto and Professor Santos--particularly their focus on postcolonial and distinction between Freud and Stiglitz in thinking about discontents. I want to make three interrelated arguments: first, international law's discontents have always been its peripheries, whose relationship to core of international law has been historically captured by TWAIL scholarship; second, this periphery (which, following current conventions, I shall call the global South) is itself a complex arena now, not solely defined by victimhood but by a hegemonic and a counter-hegemonic global South which are themselves in tension; and third, that rise of complexity and tension within global South is symptomatic of general crisis of global economic and political system, symbolized most recently by global economic crisis, but in fact much deeper and much longer in duration. This crisis could be both a moment of opportunity and challenge for international law, but that depends on which global South ends up having influence on evolution of international law and how it relates to hegemonic global North. Perhaps most important critique of modern international law has been charge that it is a Eurocentric regime, which has helped to erect and defend a world of deep injustice characterized by violence, exploitation, and inequality. This critique, which we can term as one coming from World, or from perspective of cognitive and material justice issues raised by taking World seriously, is what I want to talk about. In terms of international law, various elements of this critique can be discussed under rubric Third World Approaches to international Law (TWAIL). (1) I will divide these generations of critique into two: TWAIL I and TWAIL II (and may continue as future versions). TWAIL I began around turn of 20th century with articulation of Calvo and Drago doctrines; a critique of imperialism; rise of Japan; establishment of administration of colonies under international control instead of under colonial powers; call for a new welfarist function for international law; and a rethinking of international law as administration. This picked up in momentum after World War II and decolonization when developing countries began challenging core elements of traditional international law. The scholarly work by Mohammed Bedjaoui, RP Anand, TO Elias, and many others, infused by spirit of Bandung, outlined main elements of this critique in academic terms, but what gave it global historical importance was resistance posed by people of former colonies. These scholars were exercised by their desire to turn international law from its Eurocentrism toward more universality, and more legitimacy. I would characterize this tradition, following Freud-versus-Stiglitz framing for this panel, as Stiglitzian version of international law, because, like Stiglitz--who believes that it is failure of globalization to benefit everyone equally that is problem and therefore we should work to make globalization work for all--TWAIL I believed that it is failure of international law to be truly universal that contributed to all its moral and political failure, and therefore we need to make it truly universal. Legal doctrines such as PSNR (permanent sovereignty over natural resources) or sources doctrine were articulated in a way that shows this to be case. If we contrast this with TWAIL II, there is a very interesting shift from Stiglitz to Freud. There is a shift from looking at international law's absence as source of all problems, to looking at international law's presence as an often unwitting but sometimes conscious instrument of injustice. TWAIL II is committed to objective of democratizing international legal system and making it work in a just manner, even as it has abandoned faith that TWAIL I reposed in key ideological assumptions such as central role of nation-state and its ability to bring about outcomes that benefit humanity as a whole as well as that of planet. …" @default.
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• W3123310695 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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• W3123310695 title "International Law and Its Discontents: Rethinking the Global South" @default.
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