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• W3123327200 abstract "ABSTRACTIn today's increasingly dynamic global economy, many industrialized nations are developing comparative advantages that are derived from human effort rather than natural status in their export industries. This is evidenced by a global pattern of shifting man-made comparative advantages over time. Empirical evidence seems to lend support to Wassily Leontief's findings that would later contradict the previously accepted predictions of the factor endowment theory, which suggested that nations traded internationally based on their resource dispensations (Leontief, 1954). This study is a preliminary effort aimed at identifying meaningful factors that propel the development of human-based comparative advantages, and exploration of a testable theoretical framework that will aid a better understanding of the disposition of such factors for the United States exporting firms. Five intellectual property-intensive sectors are sampled. Primary findings indicate that the degree of economic freedom, patents enforcements and domestic lending rates may be important factors that help shape human-based advantages that lead to gains in export market share.JEL: F1; L1; E0KEY WORDS: exports, innovation, workforce anatomy, transformation, comparative advantage(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONThe utility of the horse during earlier times in human history is undeniable. Horses were used in service for man to ease burdensome tasks such as plowing fields and transportation, among several other practical uses. As society and economy evolved during the renaissance and industrial revolution periods, civilization became more advanced. Changes in society's interests and mechanism became inescapable. Horsemanship gradually transformed into an art form with the purpose of enhancing the horse's natural strength and beauty. Horses increasingly became specialized for artistic purposes as their use for practical ends was steadily replaced by Man's own growing usefulness to himself as he developed new mechanisms of accomplishing his work. Society's quest for improvement and advancement has been unrelenting throughout history. Human labor transition patterns that are comparable to those of the horse are evident around the world. impact on the comparative advantages that nations hold is both dramatic and meaningful in international trade.The findings of Leontief (Leontief, 1953), which are commonly referred to as The Leontief Paradox offer insights into the transformational changes that are unfolding in labor resources and the resulting influences on patterns of international trading among exporting nations. This study pays particular attention to United States (U.S.) export sector. In his study of U.S. export patterns, Leontief recognized that the U.S. seemed to have been endowed with more capital per worker than any other country in the world then. Thus, it was accepted that the US exports would have required more capital per worker than U.S. imports (Ohlin, 1933). However, Leontiefs findings seemed to indicate a different outcome. U.S. imports were 30% more capital-intensive than U.S. exports. Subsequent investigations would reaffirm the findings (Leontief, 1956 and Robert Baldwin, 1971).Leontief himself suggested an explanation for his own paradox. He argued that U.S. workers may be more efficient than foreign workers. Assuming that Countries around the world have identical technologies, Leontief attributed the superior efficiency of American labor to superior economic organization and economic incentives. U.S. workforce anatomy, similar to other advanced economies around the world, is trending in a steady shift in demand away from a less skilled toward a more skillintensive workforce (Bound and Johnson, 1992; Katz and Murphy 1992). Remarkable technological advances are shaping the way production is accomplished. It follows that the level of skill that many jobs now require is technology based. …" @default.
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• W3123327200 date "2012-10-20" @default.
• W3123327200 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W3123327200 title "What Is Propelling the American Worker to Go the Way of the Horse" @default.
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