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• W3123435167 abstract "INTRODUCTIONPoll after poll reveals a bipartisan consensus that interests exert too much political influence. A poll conducted in June 2015 by the New York Times found that 84% of Americans believe there is too much money in politics and 66% believe that wealthy Americans have more of a chance to influence the elections process than other Americans.1 More recently, a Bloomberg poll found that 87% of Americans support reforming finance [laws] . . . so that a rich person does not have more influence than a person without money.2The public's concern that the are exercising unprecedented political power is supported by ample evidence. New studies by prominent political scientists document the ways that the super-wealthy are able to thwart legislation that runs against their interests while manipulating, to their advantage, the details of laws passed.3 The political influence of moneyed elites even extends to issues where a clear majority of citizens disagree with their policy preferences.4While we do not expect representatives to simply follow the public's orders, the public is certainly entitled to be troubled by the evidence suggesting that their elected officials are unresponsive to popular opinion. The confined nature of the debate over federal tax policy encapsulates this unease: Although 54% of Americans and 75% of Democrats favor raising taxes to address the needs of the least well off in society, the tax reform proposals from Democrats for the past decade call for only modest and narrowly targeted tax increases.5 Republican politicians, meanwhile, consistently support tax cuts as the solution to poverty and income inequality despite the fact that less than 35% of the public accepts this view.6 As the United States Supreme Court, inMcCutcheon v. FEC, reiterated in 2014, [R]esponsiveness is key to the very concept of selfgovernance through elected officials.7In the public's imagination, the Supreme Court's 2010 decision in Citizens United v. FEC is to blame for the outsized influence of money in politics.8 Experts in the field, however, know that the constitutional constraints on our ability to limit the political influence of moneyed elites predate Citizens United. 9 Individuals have long been entitled to spend their money to influence elections,10 and prior to Citizens United, savvy, well-represented corporations knew how to do so as well.11 Constitutional protections for other forms of influencing government policy, such as lobbying or shaping political debate through private funding, are even stronger. Nevertheless, the most consistent calls in legal circles are for yet more campaign finance reform.12While the public and election lawyers are preoccupied with the flow of money into electoral politics, many political scientists contend that the apparent crisis of representation arises out of a fundamental weakening of the channels of democratic accountability since the 1970s-one that facilitates the translation of economic capital into political power. Two sources of the weakening of political responsiveness stand out. The first is the state of political parties.13 The second, and the one that is the focus of this Article, is a transformation in the character of American civic associations.14Indeed, in 2004, the American Political Science Association's Task Force (APSA Task Force) attributed the solicitude of government officials to the preferences of citizens in large part to their increasing organizational advantage as compared to the middle class.15 It pointed to the fact that privatesector unionism has radically declined and that lower-income Americans today are only about a third as likely as the affluent to belong to an organization that takes a stand on public issues.16 Others emphasize that the civic associations that remain are ineffective at empowering ordinary Americans: Based in Washington, D.C. and largely financed by foundations, promoting broad, informed electoral participation has fallen off associations' agendas. …" @default.
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• W3123435167 date "2016-09-29" @default.
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• W3123435167 title "Beyond Campaign Finance Reform" @default.
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