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• W3123702121 abstract "At root, equal justice is simply the notion law and the courts should be fair, even if life isn't.-Justice Earl Johnson, Jr., California Court of AppealINTRODUCTIONIn recent years, much attention has been paid to the startling disparities income and wealth contemporary U.S. society.1 The enormous concentration of economic power the top 1% is the culmination of decades of significant income and wealth gains for the top, combined with stagnant or decreasing growth for the majority-a trend continues apace.2 The widening wealth gap recently led Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellin to wonder aloud whether this trend is compatible with values rooted our nation's history, among them the high value Americans have traditionally placed on equality of opportunity.3This great gap between the very rich and everyone else has grown only more pronounced the wake of the recent financial crisis, which ravaged the value of assets held by low-income families4 and devastated the labor markets,5 as companies sent thousands of lower-skilled, labor-intensive jobs overseas.6 The resulting financial pressures pushed many already fragile communities over the poverty threshold,7 where compounding injustices have recently sparked violence and rioting.8The financial crisis also generated turmoil within low-income groups relating to, among other things, consumer credit, housing, and employment- exacerbating existing economic disadvantages. For example, owing to the received wisdom (quite wrong as it happens) lending to the poor was a primary cause of the recession, the credit markets available to low-income individuals came to a near-standstill by 2011. Accordingly, these groups became increasingly dependent upon unscrupulous and high-priced alternatives to traditional credit sources-i.e., payday lenders, check-cashing services, phone cards, and other predatory business practices. And escalating debt often creates problems for low-wage workers, as many employers have come to routinely run credit checks to eliminate applicants with credit problems from consideration.9 These successive calamities have created a downward spiral has hampered the recovery of low-income populations, even as top income brackets have fully rebounded from losses suffered during the Great Recession.10These disparities are projected myriad ways across the contemporary socioeconomic landscape: fewer low-income families own their homes11 or are even able to rent decent neighborhoods (i.e., places with good schools, parks, and transportation options12); fewer have ready access to the internet, fresh food, green space, or adequate medical care;13 fewer go to college and graduate;14 fewer obtain stable, middle-class jobs;15 and fewer live to old age.16 But nowhere is the gap more glaring than the civil docket, where class actions brought by or on behalf of low-income consumers and employees are on the verge of disappearing.Because individual lawsuits often cost more to bring than the victim would recover, class actions have historically enabled lawyers to aggregate these small claimants into an efficient procedural vehicle for common litigation.17 For low-income groups particular, aggregating claims has provided significant access to justice, as individual members of these groups may be in a poor position to seek legal redress, either because they do not know enough or because such redress is disproportionately expensive.18 Equally important, class actions can secure relief that is not only longer-lasting but also broader-based, of critical importance to communities are constantly confronted with nefarious business practices.19In prior eras, the class action device has been used to achieve precisely these ends.20 But recent decades, access to class-wide relief for low-income groups has declined precipitously. First, and most dramatically, 1996, Congress imposed restrictions on the ability of the Legal Services Corporation (LSC)-a primary funder of civil legal aid for low-income groups-to participate class actions. …" @default.
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• W3123702121 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W3123702121 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3123702121 title "Class Warfare: The Disappearance of Low-Income Litigants From The Civil Docket" @default.
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