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- W3124004190 abstract "Superconducting hot-electron bolometers are presently the best performing mixing devices for the frequency range beyond 1.2 THz, where good quality superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) devices do not exist. Their physical appearance is very simple: an antenna consisting of a normal metal, sometimes a normal metal-superconductor bilayer, connected to a thin film of a narrow, short superconductor with a high resistivity in the normal state. The device is brought into an optimal operating regime by applying a dc current and a certain amount of local- oscillator power. Despite this technological simplicity its operation has been found to be controlled by many different aspects of superconductivity, all occurring simultaneously. A core ingredient is the understanding that there are two sources of resistance in a superconductor: a charge conversion resistance occurring at an normal-metal-superconductor interface and a resistance due to time- dependent changes of the superconducting phase. The latter is responsible for the actual mixing process in a non-uniform superconducting environment set up by the bias-conditions and the geometry. The present understanding indicates that further improvement needs to be found in the use of other materials with a faster energy-relaxation rate. Meanwhile several empirical parameters have become physically meaningful indicators of the devices, which will facilitate the technological developments." @default.
- W3124004190 created "2021-02-01" @default.
- W3124004190 creator A5033111805 @default.
- W3124004190 creator A5042858794 @default.
- W3124004190 date "2017-11-01" @default.
- W3124004190 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W3124004190 title "Engineering Physics of Superconducting Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers" @default.
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- W3124004190 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2017.2758267" @default.
- W3124004190 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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