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• W3124169938 abstract "SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION 295 II. THE ESTABLISHMENT OFTHE HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION SYSTEM 297 III. THE ETHNIC NATIONALITIES PROJECT 300 IV. A HARMONIOUS SOCIETY 301 V. THE JOINT EDITORIAL 304 VI. PROSPECTS AND SOLUTIONS 305 I. INTRODUCTION Couple the words and waU in the same phrase, and the reader is most likely to think first of the Great Wall of China, perhaps the world's most ambitious military fortification, looping thousands of miles across the mountainous terrain of northern China to the western desert. Indeed, if one uses these words as a search string in the Google search engine, the first search result to appear is a Wikipedia entry for the Great Wall, accompanied by scenic photographs of those sections of the WaU frequented by tourists.1 However, if one were to pose the same query to China scholars from various academic disciplines, they may react quite differently. The most important barriers in modern China are socio-legal constructs:2 the household registration system, which divides urban and rural populations,3 and the system of ethnic identification, which places every Chinese citizen into one of fifty-six categories of ethnic nationality.4 These socio-legal constructs do have spatial referents? origins and consequences. For example, a person who has his/her household registration in Beijing is permitted to reside permanently in Beijing, with the associated social and economic perquisites. A person with Tibetan minority nationality is more likely to live in the Tibet Autonomous Region than in other areas of China.5 As compared with tangible barriers like walls, gates, and fences, these abstract classifications are more consequential and effective than any physical demarcation. It is with good reason that the household registration system has been called a system of invisible walls.6 As the writings of Thomas Hansen7 and Fernando Lara8 point out, walls are not ipso facto a bad thing. To borrow a phrase from Douglass North, walls provide structure and reduce uncertainty in society.9 Primitive man sought refuge in caves or on sheltered cliffs. Even today, like generations before them, people in northern China make their homes in caves, carved out of the Loess Plateau.10 Walls that form the foundation of houses or defenses around human settlements serve the same purposes as caves: they protect inhabitants from the elements, attacks by wild animals, and pr?dation by hostile outside communities. To the extent that walls, physical or otherwise, have a negative reputation in modern discourse, it is because they do not serve these basic, useful functions. Instead, these walls impede upward mobi?ty for those with the talent and determination to better their lives. As such, they violate the commitments made by individual countries and international organizations to foster human development.11 II. The Establishment of the Household Registration System After the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911, various Chinese leaders sought assistance from abroad to modernize the country both politically and economically.12 The only major power that provided consistent support, albeit with the selfinterested objective of world revolution, was the Soviet Union.13 With the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949,14 it is therefore unsurprising that China relied heavily on the Soviet Union not only for material assistance but also as a model of rapid industrialization, political organization, and legal institutions. …" @default.
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• W3124169938 date "2011-04-01" @default.
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• W3124169938 title "Residence and Nationality as Determinants of Status in Modern China" @default.
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