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• W312453167 abstract "ESTABLISHMENT AND DECLINE OF CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA is not new in Africa. It did not first arrive with the influx of Western colonizers and missionaries in the nineteenth century. In fact, it was returning. John Pobee, one of the most renowned of African theologians, says that, Christianity was well established in Egypt and Roman North Africa, not to mention Nubia, in the first three centuries of the Church's existence, long before Western Europe was Christianized.1 In fact, it could be argued that Christ himself established African when He inaugurated the opening of the first refugee shelter in Africa (Mt 2.13-23). We are told about the encounter of one of his disciples, Philip, with the Ethiopian eunuch in Acts 8: 26-40, the first recorded story of an African convert. The Egyptian Coptic Church also traces its founding father to St. Mark the Evangelist as far back as 42 AD. The African milieu gave rise to the growth and development of a dynamic form of which raised such leaders as Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Origen, Athanasius and Augustine of Hippo. It also saw the beginnings of such Christian traditions as asceticism and monasticism. Many of the early theological debates and controversies (think of Arianism, Donatism, Monophystism) either originated from or were debated by African theologians. Although the rise of Islam and its expansion was responsible for eradicating much of the Christian presence in North Africa, never left Africa completely. Authentic African survives in the Egyptian Coptic Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. The Nubian (Sudanese) Church managed to survive for almost nine centuries from the middle of the sixth century to the middle of the fifteenth century under the continual threat from Muslim pressure. THE NUBIAN SUDANESE CHURCH was established as the official religion in the Nubian Sudan sometime between 543-80 AD.2 But in 638 AD Egypt was conquered by Muslim forces and became an Islamic State. Islam was at the gates of the Nubian Christian Dynasty by 641 AD. The Nubian Kingdoms were strong at that time and repulsed them firmly. The leaders of Nubia soon capitulated and signed a treaty with the Muslim authorities of Egypt in which, among other gifts and taxes, the Nubians were to supply an annual tribute of 360 slaves to the Muslim governor at Aswan. The Nubians were given some food commodities in return. The slaves could be from the Nubian's own captives from the South or, if not enough, they should complete the number with individuals from their own people. Failure to bring the number up to date amounted to a breach of the treaty. The treaty was lopsided because among its stipulations, although stating that no Muslim shall settle in Christian land, and vice versa,3 in fact, it presupposed that Muslims were owning and acquiring land in a country which is not theirs in the first place. Although the treaty was the official regulator of the relationship between these two powers, Muslim militia bands did not honour the treaty and raided Christian villages at will to acquire land, property and slaves. According to Al Adawi, the treaty only governed the political relations between [those] strictly under the jurisdiction of the Nubian Chief and Arabs.4 This treaty relationship lasted for almost 600 years during which time thousands of Nubian citizens were willingly offered as slaves.Ironically, this was the time when Nubian Christians were singing endless praise to the Cross as evidenced by the following excerpt from a list of forty-six phrases in praise of the Cross: Beloved, if you desire to know the power of the Cross, hear its power: 1. The Cross is the hope of the Christians 2. The Cross is the path of them who have wandered 3. The Cross is the guidance of the blind. 4. The Cross is the staff of the lame... 7. The Cross is the physician of the sick. …" @default.
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• W312453167 date "2002-06-01" @default.
• W312453167 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W312453167 title "The Suffering Church in the Sudan" @default.
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