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• W3124833178 abstract "Background: Ronihal village of Bijapur district, Karnataka reported cluster of diarrhea cases. Two stool samples were positive for Vibrio cholera and one was positive for Shigella. We investigated to identify the risk factors. Methods and materials: We did retrospective cohort study. We defined a case of cholera as occurrence of ≥3 loose stools within 24 hours, with or without vomiting and abdominal pain, between 15th May and 21st June, 2016. We defined a case of shigella as occurrence of fever and diarrhoea ≥3 times within 24 hours, with or without vomiting and abdominal pain between 15th May and 21st June 2016. We reviewed medical records. We interviewed for water sources. We computed proportions for attack rate (AR). We calculated relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We collected 6 stool samples and cultured for Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella. We did environmental survey, collected 8 water samples and tested for coliforms by H2S method. We cultured water in Public health laboratory, Bangalore for Vibrio cholera, Shigella and Salmonella. Results: We interviewed 3746 people. Mean age was 29 years (Range 1 month to 100 years). Outbreak lasted between 25th May and 21st June, 2016. We identified 116 cholera cases (AR = 3.1%). Mean age of cholera cases was 33 years (Range: 1 month to 80 years). Using handpump water was associated with cholera {RR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4–3.2}. There were 42 shigella cases (AR = 1.1%). Mean age of shigella cases was 29 years (Range: 8 months to 95 years). Using yellamma overhead tank (OHT) water was associated with shigella incidence {RR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2–5.7}. Two stools samples were positive for Vibrio cholera El Tor and one sample was positive for Shigella. All samples were negative for Salmonella. There were four water sources – handpump water, river water, well water and yellamma OHT water. Yellama OHT water was from underground borewell. All 8 water samples were found to be unfit for consumption by H2S method. There was no growth in water culture. Conclusion: Handpump water caused cholera outbreak and yellamma OHT water caused shigella outbreak. We recommend to remove the handpump. We also recommend to regularly clean the yellamma OHT and chlorinate the water." @default.
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• W3124833178 date "2020-12-01" @default.
• W3124833178 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3124833178 title "Concurrent outbreak of Cholera and Shigella in Ronihal village, Bijapur, Karnataka, India, 2016" @default.
• W3124833178 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.710" @default.
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