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• W3124851850 abstract "National Security Letters (NSLs) are administrative subpoenas that the FBI uses to demand information from Internet service providers without prior judicial approval. They almost always include nondisclosure orders, commonly called “gags,” which prohibit the recipient from discussing the letter’s contents or even its mere existence. Courts and commentators have expressed concern that these gags may be overbroad prior restraints that violate the First Amendment and shroud government surveillance in undue secrecy. On November 30, 2015, an NSL gag order was lifted in full for the first time after a federal district judge found no “good reason” to retain it. This Note considers the related rights of NSL targets. It argues that the FBI should provide notice of NSL investigations to targets and the public once government interests in secrecy abate. Specifically, once a nondisclosure order is lifted, thereby authorizing the recipient of the NSL to reveal any information about it that she desires, the government should disclose that same information. Enhancing transparency about government surveillance in this manner would not risk harm or cause undue administrative burden. It would harmonize with longstanding, closely related domestic criminal statutes. And it would advance core principles that underlie the Fourth Amendment. Moreover, the First Amendment offers ready balancing tests that can easily and reasonably be applied to guide government notice practices. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38DK0M © 2016 Rebecca Wexler. † Rebecca Wexler is a member of the Yale Law School J.D. Class of 2016 and a Fellow of the Information Society Project. This Note received the 2015 Judge William E. Miller Prize for best paper concerning the Bill of Rights at Yale Law School. It also won first place in the 2015 Berkeley Technology Law Journal student writing competition. The author is deeply grateful to Akhil Reed Amar for his inspiration and generous guidance. Orin Kerr, Jonathan Manes, Peter Swire, and Lee Tien provided thoughtful comments on earlier drafts. Jack Balkin, Philip Bobbitt, Cindy Cohn, Mark M. Jaycox, Daniel Solove, and Patrick Toomey offered helpful feedback over email and conversations, as did Jane Ostrager and Bradley Silverman. The author especially thanks Waqas Akmal, Erica Fisher, and the editors of the Berkeley Technology Law Journal for their support and excellent editorial suggestions. 326 BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 31:1" @default.
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• W3124851850 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W3124851850 title "Gags as Guidance: Expanding Notice of National Security Letter Investigations to Targets and the Public" @default.
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