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• W3124986322 abstract "The post-conflict security environments in Nigeria and Liberia are essentially characterized by fallouts of militarized traditions that evolved during the period of conflict in both the countries. The personalization of state security in Liberia is matched with constitutional provisions in Nigeria that effectively place the police and army under the operational and policy directive of the president. Consequently, Taylor's use of the infamous Anti-Terror Unit (ATU) and Nigeria Joint Task Force (JTF) bear profound similarities as instruments of state brutality. Liberia's need for judicial reforms and democratic oversight in security sector governance is mirrored in emerging developments regarding the activities of the Nigerian military and police in Internal Security Operations (ISOs). The paper traces the historical developments of these deficiencies, establishing their connection with a confrontational military ruling tradition that is more emphatic in Nigeria. Since ISO operations are beginning to resemble war time operations, the paper recommends that reforms will most likely forestall a slide into further chaos, citing previous occurrences in the early 1960s that had primed the country for implosion.IntroductionManaging security in post-conflict environments is essentially carried out on a platform of reforms. The rationale behind this is established by the fact that the conflict was a function of the collapse of security in the first place. Consequently, no matter the divergent issues that constitute the causal factors of the conflict, the connection of each of those issues to security correlates must be revisited and restructured to address present realities. The present realities in question may be mutated versions of the pre-conflict ones and as such opportunities to redress past shortcomings may present themselves. Some of the causal factors to conflict in Nigeria and Liberia still remain in different forms within the polity. Most of them actually emerged as issues of contestation because of either the failure of or the flawed nature of the democratic process they were compelled to coexist in. These issues consequently constitute security risks and once peace is restored reforms must be undertaken with proper democratic oversight to forestall a reoccurrence of the collapse of security structures. This paper investigates the attempt of security sector reforms to mitigate some of these causal factors.Post-Conflict Challenges and Security Sector Reforms in NigeriaInstituting general reforms in the police, military and other security apparatus to meet emerging challenges like arms proliferation and threats to human security had been largely neglected in Nigeria. In the immediate aftermath of the Nigerian Civil War, the need to reduce the size of the army was crucial. This reform could not be fully implemented due to the threat it posed to larger human security if large numbers of military trained personnel were injected into a troubled economy without jobs. For the sake of peace building and national reconciliation, about 20% of former Biafran officers were reintegrated back into the military structure, leaving out 80% who did not go through any kind of formal disarmament before full reintegration back into society.1 This eventually accounted for the increase in incidences of armed robbery throughout the country in the period following the end of the war.Security sector reforms at this point were not entirely abandoned but were first channeled through legal structures. The Nigerian Firearms Act of 1969 came under several amendments during the subsequent military regimes that followed the Civil War. The Armed Robbery and Firearms tribunals that emerged from these reforms were legal structures that were meant to improve the post-conflict security environment but ended up with bad human rights records. Nonetheless, reforms that are significant to direct implementation of small arms control and security were largely ignored. …" @default.
• W3124986322 created "2021-02-01" @default.
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• W3124986322 date "2014-10-01" @default.
• W3124986322 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3124986322 title "Security Sector Reforms and Governance in Post-Conflict Environment: An Assessment of Nigeria and Liberia" @default.
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