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• W3125321385 abstract "ABSTRACTFor the last few years, the number of smartphone users has been on a remarkable rise. The number of users increased from 62.6 million in 2010 to 115.8 million in 2012, and expected to increase to 192.4 million by 2016. This increased usage of smartphones by employees poses a dilemma for organizations. Since smartphones can do almost all the tasks (email, internet, and run applications of popular Microsoft software) of a traditional desktop computer, laptop, and phone; smartphone users are expected to be able to do work outside their normal working hours. Therein lies the possibility that the employees instead of carrying out organizational tasks, may be instead wasting time by of texting, shopping, and using social media. This paper looks at the impact smartphones have on net income per employee at selected U.S. firms. My research shows that use of smartphones has a positive impact on a firm's net income per employee ratio. Alternatively, use of smartphones at these selected U.S. firms does not negatively affect a firm 's Net Income per Employee ratio.KEYWORDS: Productivity, Smartphones, Net Income per EmployeeINTRODUCTIONSmartphones have become all pervasive. Global sales of smartphones have skyrocketed from 122 million in 2007 to expected 675 million in 2012 (Statista, 2012). By end of 2017, a third of world population is expected to own and use smartphones (Loveridge, 2013). In terms of revenue, mobile and smartphones had a revenue of $269 billion in 2012 (Evans, 2013). One study states that more smartphones are activated each day than babies bom, and [t]he average smartphone has 41 apps, (AFP RELAXNEWS, 2013). A survey in early 2012 reported that than 81% employees use mobile devices at work (Miller-Merrell, 2012). Since smartphones are ubiquitous including at work, it begs the question how employee usage of smartphones affects an organization-especially in terms of productivity.Many have argued that use of smartphones at work reduces employee productivity and create stress for employees and introduce computer vimses to work computer networks (Tucker, n.d.). However, studies have also shown that smartphones usually have a positive impact on productivity (eWeek, 2012; Mielach, 2013). Although, defining what is productive use of smartphones can mean many things. It can mean anything from saving time in doing a task, work-home commute flexibility, employees' happiness in their ability to read and work on files away from the office and at their preferred time, and quickly access information or communicate with colleagues quickly. At present, most of the studies regarding productivity (or lack of) are based on surveys of employees and or information technology (IT) decision makers. The shortcoming of this approach is that the employees are desirous of smartphones and are unlikely to say anything negative about having smartphones at work. Admission of negative productivity may lead their employer to ban its usage. In addition, the IT decision makers are likely to have a positive outlook because; their continued employment is contingent upon constantly upgrading and working on new hardware and software. Due these shortcomings in previous bodies of work on this topic, there is a need to analyze hard data that shows whether smartphones increase (or decrease) productivity. Additionally, instead of using feel good statistics such as reducing stress, or work home commuting flexibility, there is need to have a variable based on numbers. Therefore, in this study, the concept of Net Income per Employee (NI/E) ratio is used to evaluate productivity. Essentially, this study analyzes changes in NI/E ratio of selected U.S. companies to determine whether usage of smartphones by their employees increases (or decreases) the NI/E ratio.This paper in the Introduction section provides background and definition of a smartphone. Followed by an explanation of likely users of smartphones and list of U. …" @default.
• W3125321385 created "2021-02-01" @default.
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• W3125321385 date "2014-07-01" @default.
• W3125321385 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3125321385 title "Smartphones and Their Impact on Net Income per Employee for Selected U.S. Firms" @default.
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