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• W3126089915 abstract "Technology and Trade: Villains or Saviors in the Struggle for Employment, John Zysman, 1994 BRIE Working Paper $ 67 In this era of intense concern about mounting unemployment, technology and trade are viewed at once as villains and saviors. In their role as ovillains,o they are thought to displace jobs. We may ultimately dismiss the charge that technology and trade are villains, but we can learn from examining it. When we consider technology, we must remember that the Luddites, the machine breakers of the English industrial revolution, were right; they did lose their jobs. England became rich, but the Luddites were part of the costs, the social frictions in contemporary parlance, that came along with industrial advance. And trade can displace jobs in two ways, both through imports that substitute foreign for domestic production and by competition that forces technical and organizational adaptation that compels surviving domestic firms to shed jobs. Again, there may be compensating exports, but the textile workers in North Carolina will not become the computer programmers in Silicon Valley, California. In their roles as osaviors,o technology and trade are thought to underpin the productivity gains that are the core of continued economic growth. The central importance of technology in economic development process of growth is highlighted in recent growth theory. The advance of technological ideas -- the creation of new recipes as distinct from the simple investment in new production equipment, training, and technology -- is increasingly understood as the engine of continuing economic development. The gains from expanded international trade are real; Asia, for example, is the fastest growing market in the world, drawing in vast exports from Europe and North America. And, of course, the competitive pressure of trade often drives technological advance that accelerates productivity gains. Certainly, seen historically, trade and technology together have been part of the development motor that has sustained growing wealth in the West. Jobs may be displaced, but wealth and income are created, which in turn generate more jobs and, historically viewed, on balance better jobs. In this traditional view, the basic task is to find policies that nurture and sustain technological advance and to bear the pain of the adjustments required to capture those gains. But will that traditional role of technology and trade continue? Or have we, as some fear, entered a new era in which technology strips jobs without generating the corresponding wealth that promotes new ones? Has trade become a competitive mercantilist game in which there are real losers? There will be jobs, I believe, but difficult" @default.
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• W3126089915 date "1994-05-01" @default.
• W3126089915 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3126089915 title "Technology and Trade: Villains or Saviors in the Struggle for Employment" @default.
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