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• W3127208412 abstract "Before the Japanese Constitution was adopted, the old Civil Code under the Meiji Constitution governed family life in Japan. The old law did not extend suffrage to women, who were also not recognized as being able to conclude contracts. The eldest son, rather than the wife, inherited the home and farm upon the death of the father. These traditions were derived from the feudal system of the Edo period. When the Japanese Constitution of 1947 replaced the Meiji Constitution after World War II, universal suffrage was achieved, and equality between men and women was declared in Article 14 of the new constitution. In addition, Article 24 affirmed that a marriage may only take place with the mutual consent of both the husband and wife. The marriage must be maintained through mutual cooperation and on the basis of the equal rights of the husband and wife. Given these changes, it appears that the legal system that was introduced with the new constitution resulted in reforming the Japanese family law system. However, the judiciary has struggled against the current of conventional and closed ideas in Japanese society. The most famous case in this regard is the Supreme Court case known as the patricide case, the facts of which are described later in this paper, which involved a girl who was repeatedly raped by her own father. She was prosecuted under Article 200 of the Criminal Code, which stipulated that a person who kills a parent or a spouse’s parent is punishable by death or life imprisonment with hard labor. At the same time, Article 199 of the Criminal Code stated that a person who kills another person shall be punished with death or imprisonment with hard labor for not less than three years. The Supreme Court struck down Article 200 on the basis of Article 14 of the Constitution and opined that the means of achieving the law’s goals were too harsh. However, it took twenty-two years after this decision for the article to be amended by legislature. This paper first reviews several cases involving human rights issues that have arisen under Japanese family law and the constitution, including two relevant 2015 Supreme Court decisions. The Court upheld the constitutionality of Article 750 of the Civil Code, which requires married couples to choose either the husband’s or the wife’s family name, emphasizing the tradition of couples using the same family name. On the other hand, the court struck down Article 733 of the Civil Code, which prohibited women from remarrying within six months of a divorce. The court stated that 100 days was a reasonable period to wait before a woman should be permitted to remarry. Second, focusing on the justices’ opinions in these two cases, this paper will consider the constitutionality of these decisions and the Supreme Court’s function of imposing its interpretations on the two other branches of government: the executive and the legislative branches." @default.
• W3127208412 created "2021-02-15" @default.
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• W3127208412 date "2018-03-14" @default.
• W3127208412 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W3127208412 title "Decisions That Declared Laws Unconstitutional and Their Impact on Japanese Families" @default.
• W3127208412 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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