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• W312874144 abstract "This thesis deals with the planning, construction and abandonment of the convict-built Great North Road in two ways: firstly, it. examines the road in its historical context in order to find out what it tells us about the colony of New South Wales in the 1820s and 1830s; secondly, it looks at the road as a museum which records the importation and adaptation of the newly developed technology of road building. The thesis is based on both primary written sources and on the extensive archaeological remains. An introductory chapter deals with the nature of historical archaeology and the appropriateness of its methodology for this study. It was found that the blending of the historical and archaeological records was essential for any sort of understanding of the road's significance, and this theme recurs throughout the study and forms the basis of the afterword. Subsequent sections explore the historical context for the road's construction - including the contemporary mood of optimism and confidence, the peculiar nature of the settlement of the Hunter Valley, and the ambitions of Governor Ralph Darling - and give a detailed account of the various phases of the road's progress. The line was originally intended to link Sydney with the booming settlements of the Hunter Valley, beginning in 1825 with Heneage Finch's hastily selected, winding line, and ending in 1836 with- two small road gangs caught in a continuous cycle of the road's construction and decay. In the interim period, however, the road had aroused the enthusiasm of the best surveyors and engineers available in the colony - men who envisioned a fine, all-encompassing permanent thoroughfare which would symbolise the progress and promise of the colony. The results were highly successful, as is still evident today, and never failed to impress early travellers and reassure them that they were, after all, in a 'civilised' country. The road never actually fulfilled its builder's plans. A steamboat service established between Sydney and the Hunter Valley robbed it of its role as a vital link, and other more hospitable and more direct routes were discovered and used. After the few remaining gangs were finally withdrawn in 1836, section after section fell into disuse, and both grand and modest structures were abandoned. A large proportion of these survive to the present day. A section on the labour force examines the living and working conditions of the convicts and explores the anomaly arising from the high quality and impressiveness of the work, as evidenced by the archaeological records, and the long held stereotype of these convicts as 'the refuse of the colony' found in written sources. Section 4 comprises a detailed discussion of the contemporary British methods emerging from the revolution in road building technology from the turn of the century onwards. Key aspects, including tracing, surveying, formation, blasting and quarrying, drainage, pavements, retaining walls and bridges are described, and these are then compared with the written and archaeological evidence of the Australian experience. Through this comparison, it was found that the difficult conditions and lack of skills and adequate tools meant that the new methods had to be simplified, altered and adapted in various ways. Primitive means were employed to ambitious ends - the engineers adhered to the basic principles of contemporary road building but dispensed with the details, and improvised with natural formation wherever they could. The technology was thus highly simplified but applied to the fullest possible capacity resulting in the best road engineering yet seen in colonial New South Wales." @default.
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• W312874144 date "1985-01-01" @default.
• W312874144 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W312874144 title "The finest improvement in the colony. An historical and archaeological study of the Great North Road, NSW 1826-1836" @default.
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