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• W3130146476 abstract "Gender, Sexuality, and the Devotional Revolution in Ireland Cara Delay (bio) The impactful nineteenth-century transformations in Irish Catholicism, which Emmet Larkin famously described in 1972 as a devotional revolution, have garnered scholarly attention for decades.1 Analyses of the Church's institutional developments as well as the attitudes and initiatives of members of the Catholic hierarchy, notably Dublin's Cardinal Paul Cullen, have confirmed the late nineteenth century, and particularly 1850 to 1880—the decades identified by Larkin—as a key era of change.2 Contributions on church building and architecture, meanwhile, have revealed both the local and transnational dimensions of the revolution in Ireland and its diaspora.3 What we have learned about the [End Page 98] devotional revolution at the institutional and infrastructural level is important, but we still don't know enough about the ordinary Catholics who created, experienced, reworked, or resisted religious changes.4 Nor do we understand some of the ideologies that underpinned the impetus for institutional and devotional change. Particularly understudied are the topics of gender and sexuality, which are only beginning to attract serious scholarship. This article examines gender and sexuality in the age of the devotional revolution, with a consideration of both women and men as gendered subjects and a focus on bodies and spaces. While it demonstrates how the religious changes of the time affected gender norms and attitudes to sexuality, this research also goes further, arguing that in fact we cannot understand the evolution of nineteenth-century Catholicism without a careful analysis of gender and sexuality. Indeed, regulations on bodies were an integral part of the Church's nineteenth-century reform efforts, and ideologies about gender informed the goals and trajectory of the devotional revolution. Through an examination of diocesan correspondence, episcopal diaries, newspaper accounts, folklore narratives, and memoirs, this article establishes the centrality of gender and sexuality to the initiatives of the devotional revolution, asks how and why nineteenth-century religious spaces and occasions became sites for gender segregation and gendered bodily performances, and explores the complexities of attitudes toward, and realities of, sexuality in Catholic culture. ________ A variety of scholars have shed light on women religious and lay women in modern Irish Catholicism. Early contributions such as Joseph Lee's Women and the Church Since the Famine and Tom Inglis's Moral Monopoly established the post-famine era as one of increased Catholic patriarchy and diminishing opportunities for women.5 Seamus Enright explores a nineteenth-century loss of autonomy for Irish Catholic women, who, he writes, were progressively disempowered and marginalized as the Church became more structured and [End Page 99] better organized.6 Recent works ascribe more agency to nuns and even lay women. Caitriona Clear's examination of Catholic women from 1800 to 1921 focuses on women whose words and deeds had an impact in the so-called public sphere—organizational management, work which gave them authority over others (teaching, nursing, social work/philanthropy), campaigning, politics and writing.7 Clear posits that Catholic female philanthropists and organizers, whose roles remain ignored in favor of their Protestant activist counterparts, were more influential than we once thought.8 In Maria Luddy's analysis, lay Catholic women's activism in the nineteenth century was curtailed as the efforts of women religious increased and received institutional support.9 Building on the research of Mary Peckham Magray, Clear argues that nuns, seen collectively, were powerful women.10 Magray, in turn, has demonstrated that nuns did not merely respond to the initiatives of the devotional revolution; they in fact created many of them.11 My own Irish Women and the Creation of Modern Catholicism engages with non-elite lay women in more depth, establishing their influence in both the home and the public sphere and demonstrating how they sometimes contested or resisted Church dictates.12 These works agree that strict gender norms pervaded the world of nineteenth-century Catholic Ireland. Harmonious ideals of vigorous masculinity and submissive femininity, as Aidan Beatty writes, lay at the heart of Irish nationalism and Catholicism at the time; these ideals persisted through much of the twentieth century during and after independence struggles.13 The gendered ideological foundations of nationalism and Catholicism overlapped, and constructions..." @default.
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• W3130146476 date "2020-01-01" @default.
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• W3130146476 title "Gender, Sexuality, and the Devotional Revolution in Ireland" @default.
• W3130146476 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2020.0047" @default.
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