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• W3131120916 abstract "Full text of publication follows: Lead bismuth has been selected as one of the most suitable coolants to be used in accelerator driven systems (ADS) for transmutation of minor actinides. It serves both, as a target material of the spallation source to balance the neutron economy, and as a coolant with high thermal inertia to provide a safe and reliable heat transfer to the secondary power cycle. With the aim to develop the required technologies to enable the later design of such ADS systems, the Karlsruhe Lead bismuth LAboratory KALLA, consisting of three test loops, has been built and set into operation at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe since 2000, keeping more than 45 t of PbBi in operation at temperatures up to 550 deg. C. The test program includes oxygen control systems, heat flux simulation tools, electro-magnetic and mechanical pump technologies, heat transfer and flow measurements, reliability and corrosion tests. In a first test campaign, a technology loop called THESYS was built to develop measurement technologies for the acquisition of scalar quantities, like pressures, temperatures, concentrations, and flow rates, as well as velocity fields, which are required for both operational and scientific purposes. THESYS also allowed to perform generic turbulent heat transfer experiments necessary to provide liquid metal adapted turbulent heat transfer models for ADS design analyses. The second loop, the thermalhydraulic loop THEADES with an installed power of 2.5 MW, has been built to conduct prototypical component experiments for beam windows (e.g. MEGAPIE or MYHRRA) or fuel rod configurations. First test results will be reported. The experimental team is supported by a numerical team who studied the thermal hydraulics of the tested components in order to enable a later transfer of the results to industrial systems. Three different types of codes are being improved: lumped parameter codes (e.g. ATHLET) to perform system analyses for lead bismuth in loops, targets, pumps and heat exchangers, CFD codes (e.g. CFX) to analyse local phenomena in thermally highly loaded components, and sub-channel codes (e.g. MATRA) to be used later for fuel assembly design. Heat transfer correlations and turbulence models were checked against measured data for validation. In addition, a direct numerical simulation of selected cases could provide further insight into the nature of turbulence in liquid lead bismuth. The paper is intended to give an overview of the numerous results achieved up to now. (authors)" @default.
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• W3131120916 date "2005-07-01" @default.
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• W3131120916 title "Thermal-hydraulics of lead bismuth for accelerator driven systems" @default.
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