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• W313374241 abstract "Assessment is a critical step in the vocational rehabilitation process that sets the stage for subsequent training and placement activities and other rehabilitation services (Institute on Rehabilitation Issues, 2003b; Power, 2006a). The scope and variety of assessment practices has expanded significantly in recent years, primarily as a result of three important developments. First, renewed emphasis on consumer choice and empowerment in rehabilitation has lead to a reconceptualization of assessment as a more collaborative process (Institute on Rehabilitation Issues, 2003b; Power, 2006a). Consumers are encouraged and expect to take an active role in identifying areas in need of assessment, selection of assessment approaches, and interpretation of results (Power, 2006b). Second, the emphasis on serving individuals with more significant disabilities has placed new demands on consumer assessment. There are individuals with severe and multiple impairments for whom standard testing practices, even with extensive accommodations, simply do not work (Grasso, Jitendra, Browder & Harp, 2004; Ysseldyke & Olsen, 1999). This has led to efforts to align assessment modalities with the principles of universal design (Iwarsson & Stahl, 2003) so that individuals are not excluded or short-changed. And finally, the emphasis in rehabilitation is shifting from single job matching to a more holistic and longitudinal focus on careers (Hagner, 2000; Rumrill & Roessler, 1999). Jepsen (1994) pointed out that many traditional assessment practices are associated with a trait-and-factor matching process more appropriate to a single job placement than to the holistic process of career planning. This article describes assessment as a particularly important family of rehabilitation assessment tools consistent with these developments. The article examines the use of assessment options in the rehabilitation process, discusses the complementary strengths and weaknesses of versus traditional standardized testing approaches to assessment, and examines the implications of an increased focus on assessment for rehabilitation counselors and vocational evaluators. Naturalistic Assessment Naturalistic assessment can be defined as the assessment of performance on real-world tasks and observation of responses in natural contexts (Gulikers, Bastiaens & Kirschner, 2004). On this definition, categorizing an assessment as naturalistic involves consideration of both the data collection and the data analysis process. The data collected for assessment consists of behaviors and responses that have meaning independent of the assessment context. For example, when performance on a job in the community is used for assessment purposes, the work tasks being performed are real-world tasks that would be performed naturally and have meaning independent of the assessment. Similarly, when a consumer responds to open-ended interview questions about leisure activities, favorite vacations and so on, the individual's recall of relevant behaviors and responses in those natural contexts generates the data. Answering questions on a standardized test, by contrast, is non-naturalistic, because the test taker selecting response options provided by the test developer has no meaning beyond the assessment context. Data analysis is when the behavior or responses being assessed are considered directly, without being transformed or filtered. For example, a summary of themes about interests that emerges from an open-ended interview is naturalistic. Non-naturalistic analysis generates scores or profiles after responses are transformed, typically by comparison with the responses of a norm group, and are reported as standardized scores. A third element sometimes associated with assessment is the use of individuals to interpret a sample of behavior who are naturally in a position to judge; that is, people authorized to make, or who ordinarily make, similar judgments in real life (Jordan & Putz, 2004). …" @default.
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• W313374241 date "2010-01-01" @default.
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• W313374241 title "The Role of Naturalistic Assessment in Vocational Rehabilitation" @default.
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