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• W3134464727 startingPage "387" @default.
• W3134464727 abstract "Oil contamination in seawater, groundwater, and wastewater including vegetable oil, fat and grease, waste oil, gasoline, diesel, heavier fuels, oily white refuse, crude oil, and animal oil has become a serious global challenge in the last decades. The contaminants have negative effects on the marine life, leisure activities, tourism and aesthetic appeal. Some components of oil that are soluble can enter the organs of animals, accumulate, and thus enter the food chain, causing health problems for humans. Thus, remediation technologies to treat oil contamination have attracted great attention. There are two main categories of oil removal technology: remediation and bioremediation. The type and the quality of the contaminants, the type and the environmental situation of the contaminated site, and the cost of treatment determine the best remediation method.We reviewed the physical and chemical remediation as well as bioremediation methods and in situ and ex-site processes. Physical methods are eco-friendly but these are expensive, time-consuming methods and need a large number of personnel and equipment, resulting in failure to remove spilled oil in harsh and frozen sea conditions. The main disadvantage of the chemical methods is the formation of secondary pollutants, which may have irreparable effects on marine life. However, chemical agents can be used to improve physical removal methods. On the other hand, sorbents are the alternative choice for spilled oil removal process. Natural sorbents are biodegradable, low cost, and eco-friendly compared to synthetic sorbents, but their sorption efficiency is lower than that of synthetic and inorganic sorbents. Bioremediation can be applied in all weather conditions, needs less manpower, is cost-effective, and can mineralize oil to CO2 and H2O. However, low capacity of microbes to survive against oil pollutants is its limitation factor. In addition, the performance of bioremediation depends on the indigenous microorganisms and the available nutrients at the contaminated site. As a most important conclusion, it should be notified that the most powerful remediation response to the oil spill is a combination of physical, chemical, and biological treatments, which is also the most cost-effective method.KeywordsWater pollutionOil spillRemediationBioremediationSorbentOil-contaminated waterCharacteristics of oil spillMicroorganismsPhysical methodsChemical methods" @default.
• W3134464727 created "2021-03-15" @default.
• W3134464727 creator A5022610485 @default.
• W3134464727 creator A5025867160 @default.
• W3134464727 creator A5051287265 @default.
• W3134464727 date "2021-01-01" @default.
• W3134464727 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3134464727 title "Remediation of Pollution by Oil Spills" @default.
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