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- W313506508 abstract "1 The first documented definition of the aside as a dramatic technique, and not just as an occasional stage direction, is usually credited the French scholar Henri-Jules Pilet de La Mesnardiere, who in his 1640 book La Poetique, written at the express request of cardinal Richelieu, uses this term describe the fifth type of Sentimens forcez 'unnatural sentiments' (254). La Mesnardiere employs the neologism l'a-parte when he discusses a dramaturgical error, quite common in young playwrights, that originates in modern Spanish and Italian drama. He defines it in a following manner: Je nomme ainsi ces beaux discours qu'un Personnage fait a part en la presence d'un autre sur l'un des coins du Theatre, tandis que le dernier Acteur est contraint pour aider au jeu, d'estre sans yeux & sans oreilles; puis qu'a ne point farder les choses, s'il n'est & sourd & aveugle, il faut qu'il scache malgre lui ce que l'autre fait a sa veue, & qu'il veut pourtant lui cacher. (267) I name thus those beautiful speeches which one Character makes aside in the presence of another in one of the corners of the Theatre, whilst the latter Actor is obliged pretend in this act be without eyes & without ears; then, not conceal it at all, unless he is both deaf & blind, he must, in spite of his knowledge, ignore that which the other does in his view & which he wants, however, hide from him. Despite La Mesnardiere's somewhat negative take on l'a-parte, his observations were soon adopted by other French critics and the term aside, beginning with the abbe d'Aubignac's 1657 definition of the a parte as a type of implicit narration (qtd. in Arnaud 250), becomes an indispensable part of theatrical vocabulary. Etymologically, the noun l'aparte originates in the Latin expression a parte sua (on his/her side) and in the 1580s was adopted as an Italian adverb a parte, but even in the latter case the word is not used as a theatrical term until the early nineteenth century (see Imbs 201). Beside this word, a number of other terms are commonly used in French neoclassical drama indicate this kind of delivery. Stage directions such as bas or a lui-meme (to himself) are often used concurrently with a part, while speaking past other characters on the stage may also be denoted with the use of strategically placed dashes, with italics, or by putting the aside-lines in parentheses. The basic definition of the aside is relatively simple and has been rarely contested. David Bain, in his exhaustive study Actors and Audience. A Study of Asides and Related Conventions in Greek Drama, defines the aside as any utterance by either speaker not intended be heard by the other and not in fact heard or properly heard by him (17). In his analysis of Elizabethan stage conventions, Alan C. Dessen points out that in the seventeenth century the word had three possible meanings, but eventually focuses on the last option, according which delivering one's lines aside means to direct a speech so as (somehow) maintain the fiction that it cannot be heard by other onstage figures (53). Also interesting are Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni's description of the aside as trope communicationel 'a communicational trope' (239) and Nathalie Fournier's elaborate definition of l'aparte as a procede dramatique, discours secret (monologue ou dialogue), derobe par convention aux autres personnages en scene et a ses consequences, liees a un trait essentiel, la convention du secret, qui implique la presence sur scene des allocutes exclus de l' aparte et oblige a envisager les incidences sur l'aparte du decoupage scenique et du lieu scenique. (L'aparte 47) dramatic proceeding, secret discourse (in monologue or dialogue), concealed by convention from the other characters on the stage and from its consequences, dependent on an essential feature, the convention of secrecy, which implies the presence on the stage of speakers excluded from the aside and demands that one consider the effect on the aside of theatrical editing and theatrical location. …" @default.
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- W313506508 date "2001-09-22" @default.
- W313506508 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W313506508 title "From Invention to Convention: A Critical View of the Evolution of the Aside in French Neoclassical Drama" @default.
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