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- W3135514092 endingPage "115022" @default.
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- W3135514092 abstract "The cleaning efficiency of salt cleaning and osmotic backwash in a nanofiltration (NF) process is evaluated using model organic foulants in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). In particular, the organic fouling behavior—which depends on Ca2+ concentration—and cleaning mechanism in both salt cleaning and osmotic backwash are studied. The results show that Ca2+ aggravates organic fouling, and the fouling formation rate is affected by the Ca2+/foulant ratio. Salt cleaning and osmotic backwash effectively clean Ca2+-bridging fouling, and the important cleaning mechanism in both methods is ion-exchange between the monovalent and divalent cations, resulting in the breakup of Ca2+–foulant binding and Ca2+-induced intermolecular bridging. The cleaning efficiency of osmotic backwash is 26% higher than that of salt cleaning, primarily owing to that the backwash flux creates synergy effect with ion-exchange to removes the weakened fouling structure on the membrane surface. In addition, the cleaning efficiency for irreversible fouling is of the order of osmotic backwash > chemical cleaning > salt cleaning, and osmotic backwash exhibited a 7.3% and 20.8% higher cleaning efficiency than chemical cleaning and salt cleaning, respectively. Therefore, osmotic backwash can stably maintain NF membrane performance for organic fouling and potentially replace the traditional chemical cleaning." @default.
- W3135514092 created "2021-03-15" @default.
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- W3135514092 date "2021-07-01" @default.
- W3135514092 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W3135514092 title "Comparative analysis of salt cleaning and osmotic backwash on calcium-bridged organic fouling in nanofiltration process" @default.
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- W3135514092 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115022" @default.
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