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- W3136153088 endingPage "105577" @default.
- W3136153088 startingPage "105577" @default.
- W3136153088 abstract "Thunderstorm electrical structures favouring cloud-to-ground lightning were investigated through a Lightning Mapping Array (LMA), an accurate three-dimensional lightning location system that allows inferring the heights of the regions of charge. The present study focused on classical, convective-scale thunderstorms, aiming to shed new light on how the charge structure affects lightning production, especially the cloud-to-ground fraction, including flash rate and polarity. Results showed that lightning flashes mainly initiate at two levels, around −41 °C (9,150 m MSL) and around −7 °C height (4,730 m MSL). These initiation levels, located between the dominant positive and negative charge regions, allowed to define three main charge structures: an upper dipole (positive above negative), a classical tripole and a lower dipole (negative above positive). Several differences were found between the three categories in terms of the cloud-to-ground lightning production: (i) the classical tripole structure is the one presenting a higher cloud-to-ground flash rate (5.2 flashes·min −1 ); (ii) in terms of intensity, the presence of an upper positive charge region is more relevant than a lower positive below the main mid negative; (iii) conversely, the lower positive favours higher cloud-to-ground peak currents; (iv) A higher upper positive charge region favours a higher cloud-to-ground rate. • The tripole structure (positive/negative/positive) showed the higher CG flash rate. • The presence of an upper charge region increases the cloud-to-ground flash rate. • When present, positive charge heights are similar on the dipole / tripole categories. • Cloud-to-ground flash rate is highly related to the height of charge regions. • Peak current of cloud-to-ground strokes increases as the flash rate decreases." @default.
- W3136153088 created "2021-03-29" @default.
- W3136153088 creator A5003089651 @default.
- W3136153088 creator A5037865920 @default.
- W3136153088 creator A5041741272 @default.
- W3136153088 creator A5082353306 @default.
- W3136153088 creator A5089704089 @default.
- W3136153088 date "2021-08-01" @default.
- W3136153088 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3136153088 title "Thunderstorm charge structures favouring cloud-to-ground lightning" @default.
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