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- W313616334 abstract "The current literature contains very few empirical studies which investigate rural Alaskan youth's attitudes toward education. In a series of studies conducted between 1969-73, reporting the characteristics and attitudes of Alaskan Native high dropouts [2; 4; 5], it was suggested that the high dropout rate might be due more to the lack of assistance, guidance and social support in school, rather than a dislike for school. In fact, the dropouts placed high value on education and expressed interest in school. Even among the 1969-70 dropouts who were more inclined to cite liking school as the reason for leaving school, they also indicated that they planned to return to school. These studies revealed that these high dropouts among Alaskan Natives valued education, a norm reflected in the dominant society, but found it difficult for themselves to fulfill such expectation in their immediate socio-cultural environment. In Merton's study of social structure and anomie inculcation [12], he proposes that educational goals are defined by the society and cut across cultural differentiation. Kuvlesky and Bealer [8], on the other hand, contend that aspiration is only one factor among the array of factors that relate to goal attainment; the orientation toward a goal may vary according to the difficulty of attainment. Thus, Kuvlesky and Bealer differentiated between educational aspiration and educational expectation as two separate concepts. The individual's educational aspiration refers to the desired goal in educational attainment, whereas expectation refers to the estimation of one's probable attainment in references to that particular goal. One's expectation and aspiration mayor may not be the same, depending on one's estimated chance of obtaining one's aspired goal. The difference between aspiration and expectation is the anticipatory goal deflection, the gap between what one would like to be and what one can realistically expect to be. There have been more that 400 studies which investigated educational aspiration, expectation, anticipatory goal deflection, and the socio-cultural factors that may be related to them. Most of these studies found high and similar aspirations among youth of all ethnic groups, a finding which supports Merton's thesis that aspirations are shaped by common social norms. On the other hand, expectations are more likely to be affected by the specific socio-cultural conditions as proposed by Kuvelsky and Bealer. For example, Jurez found that both male and female Mexican American youth living in low income rural areas of Texas patterned inculcation of high aspiration which differed little from that of the Anglo youth. Kuvlesky's [7] study on Texas youth found Mexican Americans with lower expectations than their Anglo counterparts. Pelham's [13] study of white and black male youth in Texas and Georgia demonstrated similar aspirations between races, and inconsistency in anticipated goals between them. Lever [11] studied socioeconomic status as another correlate to goal expectation and aspiration. He found that when socioeconomic status was not statistically controlled, the majority of the respondents had high expectations and aspirations; when controlled, moderate and positive correlations between socioeconomic status, aspiration and expectation appeared." @default.
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- W313616334 date "1982-01-01" @default.
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- W313616334 title "Rural Alaskan Youth's Attitudes Toward Education." @default.
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