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• W3136205863 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 9First Report of Fusarium thapsinum Causing Maize Stalk Rot in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Fusarium thapsinum Causing Maize Stalk Rot in ChinaJ. Zhang, Y. Y. Cao, S. B. Han, L. K. Xia, Z. D. Zhu, C. X. Duan, M. N. Zhang, L. R. Yang, and H. Y. LiJ. ZhangInstitute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Y. Y. CaoInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, S. B. HanInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, L. K. XiaInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Z. D. Zhuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-0591Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, C. X. Duanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-1426Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, M. N. ZhangInstitute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, L. R. Yang†Corresponding authors: L. R. Yang; E-mail Address: [email protected] and H. Y. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-3214Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and H. Y. Li†Corresponding authors: L. R. Yang; E-mail Address: [email protected] and H. Y. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected]Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations J. Zhang1 Y. Y. Cao2 S. B. Han2 L. K. Xia2 Z. D. Zhu3 C. X. Duan3 M. N. Zhang4 L. R. Yang4 † H. Y. Li5 † 1Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China 2Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China 3Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 4Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China 5Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China Published Online:27 Sep 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2469-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleMaize (Zea mays L.) is the most widely grown crop in China; 41.28 million hectares was planted in 2019 (National Bureau of Statistics of China, https://data.stats.gov.cn/). Several fungal diseases of maize are reported, of which stalk rot has become one of the most destructive diseases in China. The average yield losses affected by the disease are estimated at 10 to 20% (Yu et al. 2017). From 2017 to 2019, a survey was conducted to determine the population diversity of Fusarium species associated with maize diseases in 18 cities across Henan province. Fusarium stalk rot of maize with disease incidence more than 25% was observed in two continuous maize fields at Xuchang city. The diseased stem tissues from junctions in health and disease were chopped into small pieces (3 × 8 mm), superficially disinfected (70% ethyl alcohol for 1 min), placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with L-(+)-lactic-acid (1 g/liter), poured in Petri plates, and incubated at 25°C for 4 days. Mycelia showing morphological characteristic of Fusarium spp. were subcultured from a single conidium. The pure fungal isolates produced fluffy colonies, white aerial mycelium with yellow pigment in agar. The radial mycelial growth was measured and calculated at an average growth rate 10.9 mm/day at 25°C. Macroconidia produced on carnation leaf agar (CLA) were relatively slender, slightly curved, and thick-walled, mostly three to five marked septa, with a curved and tapering apical cell and poorly developed foot cell, 46.9 ± 5.6 × 4.9 ± 0.2 µm. Microconidia formed abundantly and were generally oval on CLA, 8.2 ± 0.5 × 3.4 ± 0.1 µm. No chlamydospores were observed. Morphological characteristics of the isolates matched the description of Fusarium thapsinum (Leslie and Summerell 2006). To further get the phylogenetic evidence, translation elongation factor (EF1-α), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) were amplified with primer pairs EF1/EF2 (O’Donnell et al. 1998), thapR1F (5′-TTTTCCTCACAAAGGAGCAAATCATG-3′)/thapR1R (5′-GTTCACCCAAGATATGGTCGAAAGCC-3′), and thapR2F (5′-ACTCTTTCACATTTGCGCCGAAC-3′)/thapR2R (5′-CGGAGCTTTCGTCCAGTGTGAC-3′), respectively, and sequenced. The BLAST search of the sequences of EF1-α, RPB1, and RPB2 shared 99.87 to 100% identity with those of F. thapsinum strains deposited in GenBank. Sequences from two different isolates were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MT550014, MT997082 for EF1-α; MT550011, MT997087 for RPB1; and MT550008, MT997091 for RPB2). The phylogenetic relationships based on analysis of the partial sequences showed the representative isolates clustered together with F. thapsinum at 96% bootstrap values. Combined with the results of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the strain designated as F. thapsinum. To complete Koch’s postulates, the pathogenicity of the isolates was tested using silking-stage plants in a greenhouse based on a previously described method with modification (Zhang et al. 2016). An 8-mm-diameter wound hole was created at the second or third internode of the plant above the soil surface and injected with 0.5 ml of mycelia plug. The inoculated stalk exhibited internal dark brown necrotic regions, and the brown area elongated obviously around the insertion at 14 days postinoculation (dpi). At 30 dpi, the stalks turned soft, hollow, and even showed lodging of the plants for those severe ones, which are similar to those observed on naturally infected maize plants in the field. When the roots of the three-leaf-stage seedlings were inoculated with 1 × 106 macroconidia solution (Ye et al. 2013), root rot and leaf wilting symptoms were observed, whereas control plants that were inoculated with only sterile water showed no disease symptoms. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated tissues, and the identity was confirmed by the morphological characters. F. thapsinum had been described as causal agent of maize stalk rot in Pakistan (Tahir et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. thapsinum associated with maize stalk rot in China. The discovery will strengthen the theoretical foundation of maize stalk rot disease management.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Leslie, J. F., and Summerell, B. A., eds. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470278376 Crossref, Google ScholarO’Donnell, K., et al. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:2044. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.5.2044 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTahir, A., et al. 2018. Mycopath 16:57. Google ScholarYe, J., et al. 2013. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 26:1417. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-13-0161-R Link, ISI, Google ScholarYu, C., et al. 2017. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 98:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2016.12.004 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarZhang, Y., et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog 12:e1005485. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005485 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarJ. Zhang and Y. Y. Cao contributed equally.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This project was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301104 and 2016YFD0100103), Science-Technology Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientists of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2020YQ24), and Independent Innovation Special Fund of Henan Academy of Agricultural Science (2021ZC46).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 9 September 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionKadsura coccinea showing leaf spot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (D. Su et al.). Photo credit: D. Su. Leaf spot caused by Ramularia coleosporii on Perilla (M. Aktaruzzaman et al.). Photo credit: B. S. Kim. Injection inoculated maize plant showing a classification standard for maize stalk rot (W. Y. Jiang et al.). Photo credit: Y. G. Li. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 8 Dec 2021Published: 27 Sep 2021First Look: 18 Mar 2021Accepted: 17 Mar 2021 Page: 2722 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2017YFD0301104Grant/Award Number: 2016YFD0100103Science-Technology Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientists of Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesGrant/Award Number: 2020YQ24Independent Innovation Special Fund of Henan Academy of Agricultural ScienceGrant/Award Number: 2021ZC46Keywordspathogen detectionmaize stalk rotFusarium thapsinumThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byFirst Report of Fusarium culmorum Causing Maize Stalk Rot in ChinaL. K. Xia, Y. Y. Cao, J. Wang, J. Zhang, S. B. Han, H. Y. Li, and C. X. Duan30 March 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 5" @default.
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