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• W3136343304 abstract "Clean air is vital, yet the limit values for pollutants in the air are exceeding recurrently, especially in urban areas. Air pollution is the fifth leading cause for morbidity and mortality globally. The world’s key environmental problems, air pollution and climate change, are interconnected. According to the WHO, six major criteria air contaminants include particle matter (PM), tropospheric O3, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and lead. The greenhouse gases (GHGs) listed by the IPCC are CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Ozone is an indirectly GHG. CO2 is the most important anthropogenic GHG. The Earth’s equilibrium temperature depends on the balance between the incoming and the outgoing solar radiation. Any deviation to this equilibrium is termed as radiative forcing (RF). The identification of RF caused by chemically reactive gases with both short-lived and long-lived chemical modes is extremely useful. Climate change results from changes in radiative forcing. The effect of a GHG or aerosol to cause global warming and climate change is assessed through its residence time and global warming potential. The climate change occurs due to the emissions of air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2), climate-forcing GHGs (H2O, CH4, O3) and aerosols (H2SO4, HNO3, BC). All these are highly correlated due to common generation sources and processes. Also important are free radicals and atoms in two forms: very reactive species like O (1D) and OH, and less reactive ones like HO2, NO, and NO2. Climate change imparts many global impacts such as sea level rise, melting glaciers and further life-threatening meteorological occurrences due to changes in climate patterns. Thus, mitigation measures are required to control global climate change. Atmospheric levels of CO2 are rising significantly from approximately 315 parts per million in 1959 to a current ∼405 ppm in 2017. CO2 contributes more than 60% to global warming because of its huge emission amount. This increase in its levels has led to global warming, which is considered as the biggest environmental challenge. The Conference of the Parties (COP24) held in Katowice in 2018 to further support the Paris Agreement in 2015, which agreed that both developed and developing countries need to reduce GHG emissions. Although CO2 seemed to be a problem, it can also be seen as a cheap, recyclable, and nontoxic carbon source for the production of value-added product. Therefore, instead of releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the effort are put to capture CO2 and then either store it, which is known as carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology or after capturing use it, called as carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology. CCU is favored over CCS as CO2 conversion to fuel or other value-added products saves extra cost of transportation of captured CO2 and storage, rather it will be a profitable affair." @default.
• W3136343304 created "2021-03-29" @default.
• W3136343304 creator A5026928585 @default.
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• W3136343304 date "2021-01-01" @default.
• W3136343304 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3136343304 title "Link between air pollution and global climate change" @default.
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• W3136343304 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822928-6.00009-5" @default.
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