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• W3136394143 abstract "The present work focuses on the mechanisms of selection for the control of action in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), also known as fruit fly. D. melanogaster has a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviours and a quite simple brain, composed by roughly 100,000 neurons, which can be studied by means of sophisticated techniques. Therefore, it offers the possibility to study complex behaviour in a brain structure simpler than that of higher organisms. As a consequence the neurobiological underpinning of its behaviour can be understood in an easier manner. The comparison of its behaviour with similar behaviours shown by different and evolutively distant animals can provide important insights about their relationship with different or conserved underlying neural circuits.This thesis was conceptualized to sketch out whether selection for action processes underlying the behaviour of mammals might be shared with lower organisms such as D. melanogaster. Selection for action entails a close interaction between visual and motor systems allowing to select a specific stimulus in the environment to which act upon. This process allows to filter out irrelevant information for action.The first experiment was aimed at investigating whether flies have an action-based attention. Are flies able to inhibit via attentional mechanisms the response to an upcoming stimulus in order to successfully end an ongoing action? In particular, I observed whether flies are prone to interference effects caused by the upcoming appearance of a competitive stimulus (i.e., a distractor). I expected this inhibitory mechanism to be played out on spatial trajectories. In this study, flies were engaged in a walking task aimed at reaching a visual target (i.e., a bright stripe) while an abrupt identical distractor was laterally presented.The second experiment pointed at extending the finding of the first experiment. In particular, angular distances between target and distractor were considered. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the shorter the distance between target and distractor the greater is the level of inhibition.Then, in the third experiment I targeted the hypothetical neural circuit underlying the behavioural effects observed in the previous experiments. Based on the increasing evidence for an intriguing homology between a specific neuropil of flies (Central Complex; CX) and the mammals’ neural structure involved in action selection, the idea was to test flies with a lesioned CX during the behavioural task used in the previous experiments. To do this, I used a technique based on the GAL4-UAS binary system in order to downregulate specific dopamine receptors in a very selected neural circuit, the so-called E-PG neurons. Moreover, I adopted an optogenetic technique for in vivo neural manipulation. I employed flies bearing light-sensitive ion channels in the same selected neural circuit of CX to briefly activate such neurons during the task. This neural circuit forms a donut-shape structure which it has been proposed to be an integrative circuit between visual and motor systems and to perform an attention-like function.Finally, in the fourth experiment I characterized a series of neural circuits of CX from a neurochemical perspective. The hypothesis was that the dopaminergic system, involved in the action selection process of mammals, could also modulate the neurophysiological response within the CX of flies. Specifically, I recorded in vivo the neural response to dopamine application in CX of flies by using a bioluminescence technique based on a genetically encoded calcium indicator.All in all, this work represents an attempt to tackle the mechanisms of selection for the control of action in flies. The interference paradigm I developed establishes a powerful platform to further explore the problem of selection for action in flies which might be useful for clarifying similar processes in higher organisms." @default.
• W3136394143 created "2021-03-29" @default.
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• W3136394143 date "2019-11-22" @default.
• W3136394143 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3136394143 title "Selection for action in Drosophila melanogaster" @default.
• W3136394143 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
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