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- W3136554079 abstract "The customary international law norm of personal immunity for Heads of State has come under significant fire in the past decade. Immunity represents the need for certain state officials to operate freely in the sphere of international relations, without any restrictions arising from arrest, detention, or legal proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. While immunity norms have traditionally been absolute, the increasing influence of the human rights and anti-impunity movements, coupled with pleas for international criminal responsibility for egregious human rights and humanitarian law violations, have eroded them, particularly within international jurisdictions. These changes partly reflect a larger challenge to the traditional state-centric model and an increase in the number of actors that participate in the contemporary international system. Although states remain the primary makers of International Law, many other participants including international organizations, courts, as well as influential entities in International Law advocacy, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), are also crucial to the development of international legal norms today. But there is, of yet, no formal model integrating these actors into existing legal frameworks that are structured only for states. The goal of this article is to provide an analytical framework and to apply it to the shifting norm of personal immunity for Heads of State based on the relationships and connections among the actors involved in its normative development. Using the tools of network theory, this article determines the defining properties of this network of actors, including its topology, density, centrality, and actor similarity, which explain current normative shifts and predict further developments. Based on this quantitative analysis, the article puts forward two main arguments. First, that non-state actors, even though not formally accepted as capable of contributing to international law making, have a clear normative position and effect in this network. Second, that insofar as the hubs in this network continue to pursue the establishment of an exception for Heads of States before ICCTs, we are likely to see it crystallize as a new rule of customary international law. Seeing international law-making processes through networks of actors provides international lawyers and international policy-makers with a descriptive tool that translates and maps the elusive global realities that lead to international law-making." @default.
- W3136554079 created "2021-03-29" @default.
- W3136554079 creator A5081932085 @default.
- W3136554079 date "2018-08-17" @default.
- W3136554079 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W3136554079 title "No Longer Immune?: How Network Theory Decodes Normative Shifts in Personal Immunity for Heads of State" @default.
- W3136554079 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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