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• W3136646809 abstract "Summary Natural isolates of the soil-dwelling bacterium Bacillus subtilis form robust biofilms under laboratory conditions and colonize plant roots. B. subtilis biofilm gene expression displays phenotypic heterogeneity that is influenced by a family of Rap-Phr regulatory systems. Most Rap-Phr systems have been studied independently, in different genetic backgrounds and under distinct conditions, hampering true comparison of the Rap-Phr systems’ impact on bacterial differentiation. Here, we investigated each of the 12 Rap-Phr systems of B. subtilis NCIB 3610 for their role in biofilm formation. While 11 Δrap-phr mutants displayed increased matrix gene expression under biofilm inducing conditions, only some of the mutants demonstrated altered biofilm formation and colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Therefore, matrix gene expression does not directly correlate with biofilm formation in vitro and on the root. Our results suggest that each of the 12 Rap-Phr systems influences matrix gene expression, thereby allowing fine-tuning of the timing and level of matrix production in response to specific conditions, but additional factors also contribute to biofilm architecture and root colonization. Significance Statement Natural isolates of Bacillus subtilis form robust biofilms in vitro and on plant roots. The formation of these heterogeneous populations is regulated by diverse Rap-Phr systems. However, most Rap-Phr systems have been studied independently and in different genetic backgrounds. Here, we report that all 12 Rap-Phr systems affect matrix gene expression and demonstrate that matrix production does not directly correlate with biofilm formation and root colonization. Our study highlights the importance of the Rap-Phr systems in environmental adaptation of B. subtilis, specifically during biofilm formation in the rhizosphere." @default.
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• W3136646809 date "2021-03-15" @default.
• W3136646809 modified "2023-10-04" @default.
• W3136646809 title "Rap-Phr systems in B. subtilis 3610 affect matrix gene expression and play a role in biofilm formation in vitro and on the plant root" @default.
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