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- W3136802618 abstract "Under normal conditions, high sodium (Na+) in extracellular (Na+e) and blood (Na+b) compartments and low Na+ in intracellular milieu (Na+i) produce strong transmembrane (ΔNa+mem) and weak transendothelial (ΔNa+end) gradients respectively, and these manifest the cell membrane potential (Vm) as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. We developed a sodium (23Na) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) method using an intravenously-administered paramagnetic polyanionic agent to measure ΔNa+mem and ΔNa+end. In vitro 23Na-MRSI established that the 23Na signal is intensely shifted by the agent compared to other biological factors (e.g., pH and temperature). In vivo 23Na-MRSI showed Na+i remained unshifted and Na+b was more shifted than Na+e, and these together revealed weakened ΔNa+mem and enhanced ΔNa+end in rat gliomas (vs. normal tissue). Compared to normal tissue, RG2 and U87 tumors maintained weakened ΔNa+mem (i.e., depolarized Vm) implying an aggressive state for proliferation, whereas RG2 tumors displayed elevated ∆Na+end suggesting altered BBB integrity. We anticipate that 23Na-MRSI will allow biomedical explorations of perturbed Na+ homeostasis in vivo." @default.
- W3136802618 created "2021-03-29" @default.
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- W3136802618 date "2021-03-23" @default.
- W3136802618 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W3136802618 title "Imaging the transmembrane and transendothelial sodium gradients in gliomas" @default.
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- W3136802618 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85925-9" @default.
- W3136802618 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7987982" @default.
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- W3136802618 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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