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• W3139592702 abstract "Abstract: The present paper addresses the advantages and the limitations of using verbal reports in a study on the lexical processing strategies of learners' reading in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Indonesia. While verbal reports offer invaluable data in exploring mental processing, caution should be applied in its use; consequently, a number of actions need to be taken to minimize the limitations to obtain more valid data. Key words: research methods, verbal report, think aloud, verbal protocol, protocol analysis, reading, vocabulary, strategies. Introspection has been one of the methods which is very frequently used in researching cognitive domains to date. In this method subjects are required to take a reflective look at their thinking processes while performing a particular task and report it verbally. Such an online reporting is known as concurrent verbal reporting. Researchers also refer to this method as protocol analysis, and it results in a report which is called protocol (McDonough, & McDonough, 1997). In addition to this concurrent introspection, retrospective one may also be used in order to examine the thought processes that have occurred before reporting. The concurrent and the retrospective verbal reports usually take place in immediate sequence. Protocol analysis has rooted in the field of cognitive psychology. It is a popular method to gain information on mental processing as this method enables access to it while it is in progress through the verbal reports of the subjects. In their monumental book, Ericsson and Simon (1993) explicate the psychological bases underlying the protocol analysis. This method relies heavily on the construct of short-term and long-term memory. The information in the short-term memory can be stored only in a limited amount for a limited time due to its capacity. While this information is available in the short-term memory, it can be heeded or brought to consciousness and made verbal whenever necessary. This enables verbalization of this information for reporting purposes. Further, Cohen (1996) categorizes the reports into three types of data: 1. self report, which is the subjects' descriptions about their own learning behaviour in general, e.g., tend to be a speed listener. 2. self-observation, which results from the inspection of a specific learning behaviour, e.g., What I just did was to skim through the incoming oral text as I listened, picking out key words and phrases. 3. self-revelation, or think aloud, which demonstrates the thinking processes of some particular information being attended to, e.g., Who does the 'they' refer to here? Such data are very useful in revealing various types of mental processes; therefore, verbal reports have been used extensively in studies that attempt to reveal the processes which are taking place in the subjects' mind during such tasks as during literary appreciation (Eva-Wood, 2004), library research (Branch, 2000), translation (Li, 2004), writing (Ransdell, 1995), listening comprehension (Goh, 2002), and reading comprehension (Wade, 1990; Crain-Thoreson, Lippman, & McClendon-Magnuson, 1997). This paper, however, focuses on verbal protocol as it was used in a study that explored reading strategies, especially those employed by undergraduate learners when they encounter unfamiliar words. It begins by reviewing related research on strategies performed by language learners when they are reading, followed by a brief description of the aforementioned study on vocabulary strategies. Next, the advantages and limitations of the verbal protocol as they emerged in the study are discussed. Finally, the necessary actions to be taken to minimize the limitations conclude this paper. VERBAL REPORTS IN RESEARCH ON READING STRATEGIES Scholarly interest in reading strategies has been accumulating for the last few decades due to its important role in shedding light on how successful comprehension-and eventually learning-can be achieved. …" @default.
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• W3139592702 date "2006-12-01" @default.
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• W3139592702 title "Verbal Reports as a Method to Elicit Lexical Processing Strategies" @default.
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