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- W3139707218 abstract "textabstractIn the beginning of the past century, A. Astraldi urologist from Buenos Aires, Argentina,recognized the importance of early detection of prostate cancer and was unsatisfied withthe available diagnostic tools he had to his disposal. The only diagnostic means for theurologist at that time were clinical symptoms, rectal palpation and radiographic imaging toassess bone metastases.This motivated Astraldi to study the value of eosinophilia in prostate cancer. After concludingthat this blood test was not reliable for the detection of prostate cancer because of the manydiseases that could cause a variation, he was the first to perform prostate biopsy followingthe transrectal route 1 in order to be able to differentiate between prostate cancer, prostatitisand Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH). He stated that biopsy of the prostate was at thatmoment the most effective way to detect prostate cancer and we still believe it is.The research for a new marker of prostate cancer took a long way. Prostate Specific Antigen(PSA) was first demonstrated in prostatic tissue in 1970 2. It was purified from tissue in 1979by Wang 3 and first measured in the serum a year later 4. This was followed by the wide useof PSA as a clinical marker for prostate cancer in 1988 5-8. The availability of a simple bloodtest together with improved imaging of the prostate by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) pavedthe way for opportunistic screening in the clinical practice and several screening programs9. Together with digital rectal examination (DRE), this trias prostatica (DRE, PSA and TRUS)could determine in a minimally invasive manner the need for TRUS-guided biopsy of theprostate.Nowadays prostate cancer can be detected 11-12 years 10 before giving rise to clinicalsymptoms and the incidence of prostate cancer increased dramatically. As autopsy studies11, 12 show that approximately 60% of men in their sixth and seventh decade of life haveprostate cancer and generally do not die of it, the health care physicians and urologistswere confronted with the problem of overdetection of prostate cancer. Over-diagnosedcancers are those screen-detected cancers which would not surface clinically during a lifetime. Optimal screening methods should diagnose those patients with prostate cancer whoneed to be treated while avoiding the diagnosis in patients who will not benefit from beingdiagnosed." @default.
- W3139707218 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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- W3139707218 date "2009-05-20" @default.
- W3139707218 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W3139707218 title "Prostate Cancer Screening: the role of biopsy, PSA, PSA dynamics and isoforms" @default.
- W3139707218 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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