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• W3139741567 abstract "Although CO_2 efflux plays a key role in carbon exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, our understanding the factors affecting its temporal and spatial variations is rather limited. Field experiments located in mid-subtropical China were conducted with the closed chamber method to investigate the effects of land use pattern (upland and paddy) on red soil CO_2 evolution and its related factors including soil temperature, soil moisture, dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon. Meanwhile, the annual soil CO_2 emission fluxes in upland and paddy soils was also estimated in this paper. The results obtained from this study indicated that, CO_2 emission fluxes for paddy soil were significantly lower than those for upland soil in summer (flooded), but significantly higher in other seasons (non-flooded or fallow). Soil CO_2 fluxes had marked seasonal fluctuations, for upland soil, with the tendency showing maximum value in summer, minimum in winter and intermediate in spring and autumn; However for paddy soil, with maximum value in autumn, minimum in summer and intermediate in spring and winter. Soil temperature was the dominant factor influencing CO_2 emission from upland soil, and the exponential relationship between soil CO_2 fluxes and soil temperature could be used as a model for estimating the annual soil CO_2 emission flux for upland soil. As to paddy soil, the soil CO_2 fluxes were mainly affected by soil moisture, and could be used to build an exponential equation for computing the annual CO_2 fluxes for paddy soil. The two exponential equations mentioned above are Fd_1=0.379×e~(0.0887×t), r=0.805~* (p≤0.05) for upland soil; Fd_2=317.45×e~(-0.049×m), r=-0.760~* (p≤0.05) for paddy soil, where Fd1 (Fd2), t and m are the diurnal soil CO_2 flux (as g CO_2/(m~(2)·d)), soil 5 cm temperature (℃) and soil moisture (% WHC, soil water holding capacity), respectively. The annual fluxes were estimated with the following method: Firstly, the polynomial equations were built to describe the soil temperature (for upland soil) or soil moisture (for paddy soil) in relation to the cumulating time (d) during the entire experimental period. The equations are as follows: y_1=27.56+0.3527x_1-0.0102x~2_1+7×10~(-5)x~3_1-2×10~(-7)x~4_1+1×10~(-10)x~5_1, R~2_1=0.9881 y_2=86.15-0.8083x_2+0.014x~2_2-1×10~(-4)x~3_2+3×10~(-7)x~4_2-3×10~(-10)x~5_2, R~2_2=0.9179where y_1 and y_2 were soil temperature and soil moisture, respectively. Both x_1 and x_2 were the cumulating time after the beginning of the experiment. Secondly, as the relationship between the diurnal and annual soil CO_2 flux could be described by a differential function: Fd=d Fa/dx, where Fd is the diurnal soil CO_2 flux (g CO_2/(m~(2)·d)), Fa is the annual soil CO_2 flux (kg CO_2/(m~(2)·a)), and x is the cumulating time (d). Thus, the annual soil CO_2 fluxes for upland and paddy soil could be calculated by the following integral functions: Fa1=∫~(365)_0{0.379×EXP[0.0887×(27.56+0.3527x_1-0.0102x~2_1+7×10~(-5)x~3_1-2×10~(-7)x~4_1+1×10~(-10)x~5_1)]}dx_1 Fa2=∫~(365)_0{317.45×EXP[-0.049×(86.15-0.8083x_2+0.014x~2_2-1×10~(-4)x~3_2+3×10~(-7)x~4_2-3×10~(-10)x~5_2)]}dx_2which were from the combination of the above exponential and polynomial equations using soil temperature and soil moisture, where Fa1 and Fa2 is the annual soil CO_2 flux (kg CO_2/(m~(2)·a)), and x is the cumulative days after the experimental beginning (d). With the integral functions, the annual soil fluxes were predicted as 1.37 and 2.73 kg CO_2/(m~(2)·a) for upland and paddy soils, respectively." @default.
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• W3139741567 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W3139741567 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3139741567 title "CO_2 emissions from upland and paddy red soils in mid-subtropical China" @default.
• W3139741567 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
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