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• W3140243516 abstract "【Objective】The soil organic carbon content is low but the nitrogen fertilizer application rate is high in apple orchards in China. This study was conducted in order to provide a theoretical basis for the appropriate application of straw and biochar in apple production. 【Method】Two-year-old ‘Fuji' apple trees(Malus domestica Borkh. cv Red Fuji/Malus hupehensis) trees were used to study the effect of straw and biochar on soil bulk density, cation exchange capacity(CEC), tree growth, and15N transformation(tree uptake, ammonia volatilization, N2 O emission, and soil residual) using15N trace technique. There were four treatments: CK(control), N(only nitrogen fertilizer), N + B(nitrogen fertilizer + biochar) and N + S(nitrogen fertilizer + straw). 【Result】 The variation trend of soil bulk density in 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers was consistent in the four different treatments. There was no significant difference between CK and N treatment, but both were significantly higher than those in N + B and N + S treatments. For the two added exogenous carbon treatments, soil bulk density in N + B treatment was significantly lower than that of N + S treatment. Compared with the N treatment, soil bulk density in 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers in N + S and N + B treatments decreased by 0.06, 0.09 and 0.07, 0.11 g·cm-3, respectively. Compared with CK(18.32 cmol·kg-1) and N treatment(19.61 cmol·kg-1), the CEC of 0-10 cm soil layer increased significantly in N + S treatment(22.27 cmol·kg-1) and N + B treatment(25.35 cmol·kg-1). The highest total weight of apple trees,15N uptake amount and15N utilization efficiency existed in N + B treatment, followed by N + S treatment, and the lowest of those values were found in N treatment. Compared with CK, the amounts of ammonia volatilization significantly increased in the three N application treatments(N, N + S and N + B). Compared with N treatment, N + S and N + B treatments significantly reduced the N loss through ammonia volatilization, especially in N + B treatment. Compared with CK, the amounts of N2 O emission were significantly increased in the three N application treatments(N, N + S and N + B), and the highest was found in N + B treatment, followed by N + S treatment, and N treatment was the lowest. So, addition of exogenous carbon could increase N2 O emission rate, but no significant difference was found among the three nitrogen application treatments. When the CK background value was removed, total N gaseous losses(ammonia volatilization + N2 O emissions) in N, N + S and N + B treatments accounted for the proportion of N application rate were 6.54%, 4.33% and 3.04%, respectively. The highest15N residual rate in 0-50 cm soil layer was found in N + B treatment, followed by N + S and N treatment; while the highest15N residual rate was found in N treatment, followed by N + S and N + B treatment in 50-100 cm. The highest N recovery rate was found in N + B treatment(42.26%), followed by N + S treatment(37.22%), and N treatment(31.54%) was the lowest; so the highest N loss rate appeared in N treatment(68.46%), followed by N + S treatment(62.78%) and N + B treatment(57.74%). 【Conclusion】Application of straw and biochar into apple orchard soil could decrease the soil bulk density, increase the soil cation exchange capacity, improve plant growth, promote N uptake by plant, increase the N fixed by soil and decrease N gaseous loss. The result will get better when application of biochar." @default.
• W3140243516 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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• W3140243516 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W3140243516 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3140243516 title "Effect of Straw and Biochar on Soil Bulk Density,Cation Exchange Capacity and Nitrogen Absorption in Apple Orchard Soil" @default.
• W3140243516 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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