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- W3140408065 abstract "High-pressure research has undergone a revolution in the past IS years due to a greater than 50-fold increase in the combined pressure-temperature conditions that can be achieved experimentally (Figure 1). This has been accomplished by a breakthrough in instrumentation, most notably in the development of the diamond-anvil cell ( 1-3). Thus, 1975 marked the first time that pressures in excess of 106 atmospheres (100 GPa) could be sustained in the laboratory under controlled, equilibrium conditions (4). The significance of being able to reach ultrahigh pressures, of the order of lOll Pascal and above, is that the energy density achieved on compression is comparable to bonding energies. Therefore significant changes are expected, and indeed found, in the electronic states, chemical bonding, and atomic packing of condensed matter. Perhaps the best known example is the metallization of hydrogen that is currently expected to occur at pressures of �200-500 GPa (5-12). As hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, its metallization is not only a dramatic illustration of pressure-induced changes in bonding character, but also plays an impor tant role in determining the internal state and evolution of the giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune ( 13, 14). Although there is every reason to believe that the metallization of hydrogen will be confirmed by experiment, it should be noted that this has not yet been accomplished: At the time of writing this article, metallic hydrogen remains a theoretically predicted and not an experimentally observed phase. * * Note added in proof: H. K. Mao and R. J. Hemley (1989. Science. In press) have just reported the first observation of metallic hydrogen at pressures of 200-250 GPa, in good agreement with the prior estimates (Figure 1)." @default.
- W3140408065 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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- W3140408065 date "2002-01-01" @default.
- W3140408065 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3140408065 title "PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AT ULTRAHIGH PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES" @default.
- W3140408065 hasPublicationYear "2002" @default.
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