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• W3140486974 abstract "In Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker, the Supreme Court's most recent opinion on punitive damage awards, the Court declared that the real problem with punitive damage awards is their stark unpredictability. The Court abandoned all hope that common law jury instructions could produce predictable punitive damage awards. Instead, the Court suggested pegging punitive damage awards to compensatory damage awards. So far, analysis of the opinion has been minimal, likely due to the purported maritime law basis of the holding. Exxon should not be overlooked, however, as it signals a resurgence of procedural due process as a basis for challenging punitive damage awards-a type of challenge that the Court has not heard since the early 1990s. Predictability of the amount is no different than fair notice of the likely severity of an award, which procedural due process requires. If common law jury instructions cannot produce predictable punitive damage awards, they also cannot produce awards consistent with the notice procedural due process requires. The Exxon Court's pegging solution will not produce predictable awards (and ones that comply with procedural due process) because it relies on compensatory damages, which are inherently unpredictable. As an alternative, this Article suggests looking to restitution, a non-controversial punitive, civil remedy. Basing punitive damages on the defendant's gain would produce predictable awards-as procedural due process requires. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. EXXON GENERALLY EXPLAINED 6 III. PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS 10 A. The Difference Between Procedural and Substantive Due Process 10 B. Classifying the Court's Opinions as Procedural or Substantive 12 1. Early challenges based on procedural due process ..... 12 2. Veering into substantive due process 14 3. Intertwining the procedural and substantive due process issues 15 4. Why the intertwining of procedural and substantive due process? 20 IV. EXXON AS A PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS HOLDING 24 A. Whatever Exxon Is, It's Not Maritime Law 24 B. Predictability Is No Different than Procedural Due Process 26 1. Origins in the rule of law 27 2. Procedural due process and Exxon require the same extent of notice 29 C. Do Common Law Jury Instructions Violate Procedural Due Process? 31 D. Exxon's Solution to Achieve Predictability (Fair Notice of the Severity) 35 V. THE IRONY OF EXXON: THE UNPREDICTABLE BASELINE ........ 38 A. The Unpredictable Nature of Compensatory Damages... 39 1. Mandatory personalization to the specific plaintiff.... 39 2. Mandatory compensation of the unforeseeable in intentional torts 42 3. At most, a compensatory damage baseline enables post-verdict predictability 43 B. The Illogic of Compensatory Damages as the Baseline.... 44 VI. RESTITUTION AS A MODEL TO CRAFT A PREDICTABLE, CIVIL PUNITIVE DAMAGE AWARD 46 A. Non-Civil-Looking Reforms to Craft a Predictable Punitive Award …" @default.
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• W3140486974 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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• W3140486974 title "Procedural Due Process and Predictable Punitive Damage Awards" @default.
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