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• W314097629 abstract "This article provides the first analysis of the long-term conflict between the two key democratic leaders, Viktor Yushchenko and Yuliya Tymoshenko, which was one of the factors that dominated Yushchenko's presidency. This conflict is of fundamental importance to Ukrainian poli- tics because it defined the evolution of post-Orange Revolution politics and led to the election of Viktor Yanukovych as president in 2010.This article analyzes the relationship between the demo- crats and the Ukrainian establishment, particularly focusing on how the democrats related to Ukraine's sovereign (national) communists in the early 1990s and the small group of winners who became super- wealthy oligarchs in Ukraine's partial transition. Differences in defining this relationship have made Ukraine's center-right, commonly referred to as democrats, a divided political force since 1992. Yushchenko led the pragmatic wing within the democratic part of the political spectrum, while Tymoshenko led the ideologically-driven wing.The divisions that Yushchenko and Tymoshenko symbolize appeared immediately after Ukraine gained its independence. As early as February 1992, the Ukrainian Popular Movement for Restructuring (Rukh), which had played a strong role in the independence movement, split at its congress into two wings. One, led by former dissident Vyacheslav Chornovil, took control of Rukh and placed it into constructive to President Leonid Kravchuk and the communists, who were at that stage still not organized into political parties. Another wing, led by cultural icons of the Soviet Ukrainian establishment Ivan Drach and Dmytro Pavlychko and former dissidents Mykhaylo and Bohdan Horyn, supported cooperation with Kravchuk and established a breakaway Confederation of National Democratic Forces (KNDS). This same division - whether to oppose the authorities or cooperate with them - has continued to divide demo- crats from the late 1990s in their attitudes toward centrist political forces and their oligarch supporters. Ukraine's transition to a market economy was accompanied by the emergence of winners, a class of oligarchs and businesspersons who arose from the Soviet Ukrainian nomenklatura and 1990s Noveau Riche (New Ukrainians). Given the overall low level of trust in Ukraine's political institutions and politicians, there was little popular backing for this new economic group.1Policies on how to deal with the communists and oligarchs have divided the two wings of the democrats. The pragmatic democrats' preference has been to prioritize defense of the Ukrainian establishment and the new national bourgeoisie (the winners) against anti-oligarch populist outsiders by negotiating grand coalitions between Our Ukraine and eastern Ukrainian centrist parties. Most demo- crats are first and foremost derzhavnyky (statists) and therefore prefer to be in loyal to the authorities because they believe radical opposi- tion could destroy the fragile Ukrainian state. Lucan Way has argued that loyal, opposition through cooptation is commonplace in post-communist Europe.2 Pragmatic democrats are also often businesspersons who do not want to be in to the authorities when business and politics remain closely tied together in post-Soviet Ukraine. In contrast, the ideologically-driven democrats cooperate with anti-oligarch populists against what are described as pro-Russian centrist political forces and their oligarch backers.The internal divisions that weaken Ukraine's democrats have been institutionalized in the different parties that make up the move- ment. On the pragmatic side are Yushchenko and the business wing of Our Ukraine. On the ideologically-driven wing are Tymoshenko, the Bloc of Yuliya Tymoshenko (BYuT), and the anti-oligarch wing of Our Ukraine. These democratic parties compete for the same votes in Ukrainophone Western and Central Ukraine. …" @default.
• W314097629 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W314097629 date "2013-03-22" @default.
• W314097629 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W314097629 title "Yushchenko versus Tymoshenko: Why Ukraine's National Democrats Are Divided" @default.
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