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- W31411221 abstract "Teaching statistics has become increasingly important in recent years, as evidenced by recommendations for curriculum reform found in the Standards for Curriculum and Evaluation (1989) and Everybody Counts (1989), and by the commitment to curriculum development by the American Statistical AssociationNational Council of Teachers of Mathematics Joint Committee on the Curriculum in Statistics and Probability (Gnanadesikan et al., 1987; Landwehr et al., 1987; Landwehr and Watkins, 1986) and the Used Numbers Project (Russell and Friel, 1989). The arithmetic mean is probably the most commonly taught and encountered statistic today, appearing in numerous everyday contexts. It is also the one statistic that is consistently included in the elementary school curriculum in the United States. Further, the mean is a fundamental concept in statistics courses because of its predominant use in most inferential statistics and formulae. Although the mean commands a predominant place in standard curricula and coursework, superficial understanding of the mean by both children and adults is widespread (Carpenter et al., 1981; Goodchild, 1988; Mevarech, 1983; Pollatsek et al., 1980; Zawojewski, 1986). People are able to compute the mean for use in simple situations, but are unable to use it in complex contexts. Pollatsek et al (1980, p.191) refer to students' use of the mean as a computational rather than a conceptual act. Knowledge of the mean seems to begin and end with an impoverished formula. Only recently have attempts been made to identify the component properties of the mean. Goodchild (1988) identified three types of meaning for the mean, i.e. the mean as: (1) a representative number; (2) a measure of location; and (3) an expected value. Goodchild found that 13 and 14-year-olds commonly interpret the mean as a location, but need more help with the representativeness and expectation interpretations." @default.
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- W31411221 date "1990-01-01" @default.
- W31411221 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W31411221 title "Use of the Arithmetic Mean : An Investigation of Four Properties Issues and Preliminary Results" @default.
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