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• W3141685359 abstract "Non-suicidalself-injury (NSSI), the deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue withoutconscious suicidal intent, is a concerning public health problem that is mostprevalent among youth. NSSI is a known risk factor for suicide and has beenlinked to a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes. NSSIco-occurs with problematic alcohol use, and this potentially harmfulcombination of behaviours has been associated with a heightened risk ofsuicide. Despite the known links between NSSI and problematic alcohol use,their association is not well characterised. Impulsivity, broadly defined asthe tendency to engage in rash and ill-advised behaviours, has beenindependently linked to both NSSI and alcohol use and may therefore represent apotential behavioural mechanism underlying their association. Impulsivity canbe conceptualised from two perspectives: as a personality trait, which regardsfacets of impulsivity as stable personality traits over time and acrosssituations; and also as a cognitive process which views impulsivity as acognitive operation sensitive to current internal and external demands. Traitimpulsivity is typically measured using self-report scales, while cognitiveimpulsivity is measured using objective neurocognitive tasks. The two empiricalstudies reported in this thesis aimed to broadly examine how different forms ofimpulsivity (trait and cognitive impulsivity) contribute to NSSI andco-occurring problematic alcohol use among young adults. Specifically, the aimof study one was to determine which facets of trait impulsivity are elevated inindividuals who engage in both NSSI and problematic alcohol use compared toindividuals who engage in just one of these behaviours, and those who engage inneither. While individuals engaging in self-injury have consistently reportedhigher trait impulsivity, the cognitive aspects of impulsivity (e.g., motor andchoice impulsivity) that may be relevant in real-life contexts are not wellunderstood. Given that self-injury typically occurs in the context of negativeemotional states, increases in cognitive impulsivity may primarily emerge insuch emotional contexts. The aim of study two was to determine whether apsychosocial stress manipulation increased cognitive impulsivity in youngadults engaging self-injury compared to those with no history of self-injury.Unlike study one, the second study focused explicitly on two comparison groupsto examine the fundamental impulsivity mechanisms in young adults who engage inNSSI. Young adults aged between 18 to 30 years were recruited for both studies.Study one was a cross-sectional study that comprised 349 young adults whocompleted self-report questionnaires assessing alcohol use, engagement inself-injury, and trait impulsivity. Results showed that positive urgency andsensation seeking traits were elevated in young people who engaged in both NSSIand problematic alcohol use relative to those who engaged in NSSI only.Negative urgency was elevated among individuals who engaged in NSSI,problematic alcohol use and both behaviours compared to a healthy comparisongroup. Study two included experimental tasks to assess cognitive impulsivityamong 64 young adults; 32 who had a history of self-injury, and 32 who had nohistory of self-injury. Participants completed two computerised cognitivetasks: the Stop Signal Task (SST) and the Delay Discounting Task (DDT), beforeand after the induction of stress using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).Study two revealed that after experiencing a stressful situation, individualswho self-injure exhibited greater motor impulsivity but there were nodifferences in choice impulsivity between groups. These findings indicate thatindividuals who self-injure have specific difficulties to stop prepotent motoractions when under stress. The findings reported in this thesis are relevant tounderstanding impulsivity in individuals who engage in NSSI and co-occurringalcohol use, and provide useful insights that may guide interventions aimed attaming impulsivity among individuals engaging in risky behaviours." @default.
• W3141685359 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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• W3141685359 date "2017-03-29" @default.
• W3141685359 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3141685359 title "Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Alcohol Use and Impulsivity Among Young Adults" @default.
• W3141685359 doi "https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58db032ecd6c7" @default.
• W3141685359 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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