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• W3142912308 abstract "The regular facetted appearance of the dipteran compound eye conceals an equally regular array of photoreceptors and interneurons that constitutes one of the most thoroughly analysed visual systems in any animal. The functional organization of the photoreceptor array, particularly in the house fly, Musca domestica, /s now appreciated in unparalleled detail. A 'standard set' of five spectral classes of photoreceptors is distributed over most of the eye and is supplemented by two discrete functional eye regions. One of these regions appears specialized for the analysis of polarized light patterns in the sky, and the other-found only in males - is apparently devoted to the task of tracking females in flight. In order to unravel the complexities of the nervous system a common strategy has been to seek out simple systems in which there is a realistic chance of achieving the desired level of analysis. In these terms the dipteran visual system represents an intermediate grade of complexity in which the principles of organization appear to parallel those of the vertebrate visual system, but with a more limited set of neurons, many uniquely identified 1'2. The input to this system is represented by the array of photoreceptors that has been the subject of intensive investi- gations, culminating in what is thought to be a complete description of all receptor types and their disposition 3. Most of the findings are valid not only for Musca, but also for many other dipteran species, including the blowfly Calliphora and the fruitfly Drosophila. Each ommatidium of the fly's eye (there are some 3000 in each eye of Musca) contains eight photoreceptors (the retinula cells R1-8, Fig. 1). The photoreceptive membrane containing the visual pigment is composed of microvilli organized into rhabdomeres, which form long waveguides analogous to the rod outer segments (ROS) in vertebrates. The tips of the rhabdo- meres lie in the focal plane of the facet lens in a precise trapezoidal pattern. Each retinula cell can thus be assigned a unique number by virtue of its position in this array (Fig. 1). The rhabdomere of retinula cell number 8 (R8) is contiguous with that of R7 and forms an extension to it in the proximal part of the ommatidium. This means that light reaching R8 is first filtered by the rhabdomere of R7. In most arthropods the rhabdomeres are fused together into a common light guide, the fused rhabdom, so that all the retinula cells inevitably sample the same point in space. However the dipterans are unusual in having separ- ated rhabdomeres. The logic under- lying this arrangement is a masterpiece of micro-optics and microcircuitry (Fig. lc). The visual axes of the rhabdomeres in a single ommatidium diverge by exactly the same amount as the optical axes of neighbouring ommatidia. Consequently the axis of each rhabdo- mere actually coincides with those of six other rhabdomeres, each in a" @default.
• W3142912308 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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• W3142912308 date "1986-01-01" @default.
• W3142912308 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3142912308 title "The photoreceptor array of the dipteran retina" @default.
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