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• W3143282034 abstract "A column experiment was conducted to examine the effects of added organic matter and thickness of surface water on the stability of jarosite in a coastal acid sulfate soil. The results show that dissolution of jarosite was negligible if no organic matter was added onto the soil. However, where organic matter was added onto the soils, the acidity and the concentrations of iron and sulfate in the leachate of the soil increased following water inundation, indicating the decomposition of jarosite in such conditions. Probably, the organic matter content of the soil was originally too low to enable the creation of reducing conditions that could sufficiently cause the breakdown of jarosite contained in the soil. Under the experimental conditions, the amount of added organic matter played a more important role than the thickness of the overlying water in the dissolution of jarosite. Additional keywords: jarosite, acid sulfate soil, inundation, organic matter, acidity. Introduction Jarosite (KFe3[OH]6[SO4]2) is a common product of pyrite oxidation (van Breemen 1973; Dent 1986) and may occur in substantial amounts in well-drained acid sulfate soils (Lin et al. 2001; Ward et al. 2004). Each mole of jarosite carries 3 moles of retained acidity, and therefore the formation of jarosite leads to partial retention of the acid generated from pyrite oxidation (Sullivan et al. 2002).Acid buffering through jarosite formation is important in terms of minimising the environmental hazards caused by acid drainage from acid sulfate soils. However, jarosite is only stable under sufficiently oxidised conditions (van Breemen 1973). A drop in redox potential (Eh) of soils to a critical level could unstabilise jarosite and result in its dissolution and subsequent release of acid. In such a case, jarosite acts as a secondary source of soluble acid to the receiving environments (Lin et al. 1998). Acid sulfate soils are distributed in coastal floodplains subject to frequent flooding (Johnston et al. 2004; Lin et al. 2004). Water inundation of acid sulfate lands could cause reduction in Eh value of the soils, whichmay have impacts on the stability of jarosite contained in acid sulfate soils. Inmany acid sulfate soil areas, rotation of paddy rice with dryland crops is a general practice for better use of agricultural land (Lin and Melville 1994; Li et al. 2002; Le Quang and van Mensvoort 2004). During the period when dryland crops are grown, pyrite tends to oxidise to produce sulfuric acid and jarosite. However, in the following period of inundation for paddy rice cultivation, soil Eh decreases due to waterlogged conditions. In addition, reflooding of acid sulfate soils has been considered as a potential technique for remediation of actual acid sulfate soils (Dent 1986, 1992; Smith andYerbury 1996). However, the possible release of acid through jarosite dissolution under water inundation conditions has not been well addressed. This work examines the effects of organic matter and thickness of ‘floodwater’ on the stability of jarosite in a coastal acid sulfate soil. The objective is to understand the roles of these 2 factors on the jarosite-related acid release in acid sulfate soils and to provide information that can be used to guide the management of coastal acid sulfate soils. Materials and methods A column experiment was conducted. The soil used for the experiment was collected from the bund of a fishpond excavated in a site where the soil was identified as acid sulfate soil (Wang and Luo 2002). The soil was previously used for paddy rice cultivation and turned into a fishpond about 3 years prior to sample collection inMay 2004. The soil contained large amount of jarosite (confirmed byXRD), and the inorganic reduced sulfur originally contained in the soil has been completely oxidised (confirmed by the LECO method; Lin et al. 1996). The soil sample was air-dried and crushed to pass a 2-mm sieve. Some major soil characteristics are given in Table 1. The experiment was conducted using columns 0.5m high, with an internal diameter of 0.15m. In each column, 2.5 kg of the soil was placed on a thin layer of fine sand. Dried grass clippings chopped to about 3 cm longwere used as an organic additive. Five treatments (each in triplicate) were set by considering 2 factors: (1) amount of organic material added, and (2) thickness of the overlying water layer (see Table 2). Treatment CK without addition of any organic material acted as a control. For Treatments 1 and 3 (T1 and T3, respectively), 50 g of the dried grass clippings was placed on the top of the soils. For Treatments 2 and 4 © CSIRO 2006 10.1071/SR05096 0004-9573/06/010011 12 Australian Journal of Soil Research C. Chu et al. (T2 and T4, respectively), 125 g of the dried grass clippings was placed on the top of the soils. Deionised water was added to each column with CK, T1, and T2 having a 0.15m thick water layer overlying the soil, and T3 and T4 having a 0.25-m-thick water layer overlying the soil. The inundation experiment was separated into 2 stages. The first stage of experiment was undertaken from 13 August 2004 to 24 October 2004. In the first 6 days, in situ measurements of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the surface water were made every day; from day 7 to day 21, the measurements were made every 3 days; from day 22 to day 73, the measurements were made every week. At the same time as pH and DO in the surface water were measured, 60mL of leachate was collected from the bottom of each column for analyses of pH, Fe, and SO42− (henceforth called SO4). At the end of the first inundation experiment, the water in each column was allowed to completely drain and a small amount of soil sample was collected from T4 for XRD analysis. The XRD pattern was compared with that of the original soil to see whether there was any change in quantity of jarosite contained in the soil after the treatment. The second stage of inundation experiment was from 29 October 2004 to 28 March 2005. The amounts of the added water were exactly the same as in the first stage of the experiment. For the surface water, pH was measured, and for the leachate, pH, Fe, and SO4 were determined. The sampling interval was monthly. The pH was measured using a calibrated pH meter (pH S-25 meter); DO was measured using a portable water quality tester (TPS 90-FLMV). Sulfate concentration was determined turbidimetrically (Rhoades 1982), and Fe concentration was determined by atomic adsorption spectrometer. The data are expressed as the mean of 3 replicates and significant treatment differenceswere tested atP= 0.05 byusingDuncan’sMultiple Range Test." @default.
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• W3143282034 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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• W3143282034 title "Organic matter increases jarosite dissolution in acid sulfate soils under inundation conditions" @default.
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