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• W314412981 abstract "IntroductionFor many years the idea of sport competition for young people was found in either interscholastic competition or in pickup games in someone's backyard. With regards to the latter, friends would get together and compete in games that either mimicked or closely compared to what was played in the competitive leagues. With the assistance of imagination, each game would consist of someone kicking the winning goal in the World Cup, winning Olympic gold in the team Badminton competition, or possibly catching the long pass to win the Super Bowl. Regardless of the situation, children often found enjoyment in playing the game.Physical education teachers have always been in a unique position to exploit this student desire by creating an environment where participants could learn the skills of various games and apply these within developmentally appropriate competition. Nonetheless, as Gubacs-Collins (2007, p.106) states, many education teachers believe that the most appropriate progression lies in first providing explanation or demonstration, followed by practice and culminating in game To Gubacs-Collins, these teachers have less interest in replicating the sport experience in which their students either take part or mimic once outside the classroom. As supporting evidence for this conclusion, Kirk (2010, p. 2) critiques this physical education-as- sport-techniques, in which the practice of education has focused on the transmission of decontextualized sport-techniques to large classes of children who possess a range of interests and abilities, and where learning rarely moves beyond introductory levels.As a response to this decontextualized presentation of sport, and in particular, to the absence of the attractive features of formal sport or imaginary play that produce the most meaning to young people, Siedentop (1994) introduced the concept of Sport Education, with its explicit goal of providing an authentic sport experience for boys and girls that was developmentally appropriate, and in which all participated equally.Siedentop, Hastie and van der Mars (2011) list six key features of Sport Education, including seasons, affiliation, formal competition, culminating events, record keeping and festivity. In Sport Education, which aims to produce the complete sports player by including participation in roles other than player, the goal is to help young people have a more defined understanding of sport, instead of one who has only developed sport skills.For development of the complete sports player to occur, significant opportunities for practice need to be available. Not only does the student need extended and repeated successful repetitions (Silverman, 1985) but in terms of game play, as Rink, French, and Graham (1996, p. 497) simply state, skill and strategy take time to develop. This notion of time has been explicitly demonstrated in research on Sport Education (see the study by Hastie, Sinelnikov, & Guarino, 2009 as one specific example).Given the desire to create an authentic sporting experience for young people, game play is a central component of Sport Education. Beginning research findings suggest that the model is capable of promoting both elements of effective game play, namely technical execution and tactical decision making. Studies by Hastie (1998a) and Hastie, Sinelnikov, and Guarino (2009) found that students who participated in a Sport Education season made gains in terms of competence. In addition, results reveal that gains can be made in tactical awareness and competence in game play. In the study by Hastie (1998a) students who participated in an ultimate Frisbee Sport Education season received significant gains in passing and receiving during game play. The study also revealed an increase in tactical decision making as students realized that shorter passes led to less turnovers. A study conducted by Pritchard, Hawkins, Wiegand, and Metzler (2008) found that students improved in game performance when compared to a traditional form of teaching. …" @default.
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• W314412981 date "2014-09-01" @default.
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• W314412981 title "Development of game performance by novice learners participating in a sport education physical education unit." @default.
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