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• W3145353695 abstract "Objective　This research was conducted to investigate whether black tea consumption could inhibit acute upper respiratory tract inflammation. Method　We designed a randomized single-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, with 72 healthy male/female subjects ranging in age from 20 to 60 years old. Subjects who had been preferentially selected having low levels of influenza virus type A╱H1N1 antibody titers and serum NK cell activity, were randomly assigned to receive 3 cups of black tea（n＝36）or placebo（n＝36）per day for 12 weeks. During the experimental period, each subject recorded their daily responses on WURSS-21 and a self-health check sheet. Influenza virus antibody titers, serum NK cell activity and salivary SIgA concentration were measured before and after the consumption period. Results　All 72 subjects completed the study. Two subjects were excluded before efficacy analysis due to applicable exclusion criteria; and the remaining 70 subjects were analyzed. The efficacy of acute upper respiratory tract inflammation inhibition by consumption of black tea was not confirmed in the PPS analysis. However, in the stratified analysis for influenza vaccine non recipients（63 subjects）, the incidence rate of acute upper respiratory tract inflammation was significantly lower in the black tea group（3 of 30 subjects; 10.0％）compared to the placebo group（13 of 33 subjects; 39.4％）（OR, 0.17; 95％ CI, 0.04-0.68; P＝0.009］）, and the number of episodes per subject during consumption period was lower in the black tea group as compared to the placebo group（P＝0.008）. Accumulated severity score of acute upper respiratory tract inflammation symptoms and level of functional impairments to health-related QOL were measured by WURSS-21, and 42 of 63 subjects had symptoms at least once during the consumption period. In the stratified analysis for 42 symptomatic subjects, the black tea group showed significantly lower scores for 5 symptoms and 4 functional impairments to QOL. Serum NK cell activity was significantly increased in the black tea group（P＝0.031） compared to the placebo group. Particularly in the subjects having low SIgA concentration baseline, consuming black tea not only increased salivary SIgA concentration higher than the baseline value, but also activated NK cells and reduced risk of incidence and frequency of acute upper respiratory tract inflammation. Conclusion　Our results support the conclusion that the daily habitual consumption of black tea could be an effective dietary approach to improve or enhance innate and mucosal immunity. It is considered that these effects work to inhibit foreign antigens such as those that cause acute upper respiratory tract inflammation, and reduce the onset risk, severity of symptoms, and overall risk of physical and mental burden. Trial registration　Clinical Trials: UMI38168" @default.
• W3145353695 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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• W3145353695 date "2021-01-01" @default.
• W3145353695 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W3145353695 title "Inhibitory Effects on Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Inflammation with Black Tea Consumption―A Randomized Single—blind Parallel—group, Placebo—controlled Study―" @default.
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