FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W3146050306> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W3146050306 abstract "Monarch butterflies ( Danaus plexippus ) in southern Florida differ from the larger migratory population in eastern North America in that they are a continuously breeding, non-migratory population (Brower 1995). There they persist yearround perhaps because of the warm climate in South Florida, coupled with the year-round occurrence of several species of milkweeds, the host plants of monarchs. Individuals in South Florida are smaller than those in the eastern population (Arango Velez 1996), and are heavily infected with the protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (Altizer et al. 2000). In southern Florida, two other danaine species occur which have similar but distinctive coloration from monarchs: the queen ( Danaus gilippus ) and soldier ( Danaus eresimus ). The ranges of monarchs and queens overlap completely in Florida, with both species present throughout the state, although monarchs occur more frequently in winter (Brower 1961; Opler 1998). Soldiers occur only in the southernmost portion of the state (Opler 1985). All three species feed on milkweed as larvae. The morphology of monarch larvae is distinctive, with black, white and yellow striping, 11 segments, and two pairs of tubercles on the dorsal side of segments 2 and 11 (Ackery & Vane-Wright 1984; Scott 1986). These tubercles are sometimes called tentacles (Oberhauser & Kuda 1997) or filaments (Kitching 1985), and their function is unknown in the Danaidae (Kitching 1985). While tubercles are present on segments 2 and 11 in all Danaidae, queens and soldiers also each have an extra pair of tubercles on segment 5 (which is also abdominal segment 1; Ackery & Vane-Wright 1984). Here we report observations of wild monarch larvae in southern Florida with tubercles on segment 5, similar to the queens and soldiers. On January 5, 2004, in a residential neighborhood in Miami Lakes, FL, we observed approximately 200 monarch larvae (all five instars were represented) feeding on Asclepias curassavica in a backyard flower garden. This is not unusual for this backyard, as 3-5 adult monarchs were frequently seen nectaring and ovipositing throughout the year here (B. Farrey, unpublished data). However on this day we also observed 11 larvae (5.5% of total larvae observed) that had a third set of tubercles on the dorsal side of their 5th segment (Fig. 1). Two days later all larvae containing an additional set of tentacles were transported to our lab at Emory University. The 11 larvae were placed in two separate plastic rearing containers, fed clippings from potted Asclepias incarnata , and reared to adulthood. Of the 11 larvae, only 4 individuals survived to adulthood, but we suspect that the individuals that did not survive were infected with the protozoan parasite, Ophryocistis elektroshirrha . We observed the four surviving larvae when they prepared to form their chrysalis (hanging in the ‘J’ position). At this time, the third tubercle pair was still visible, but was reduced (Fig. 2A). Once the chrysalis had formed, they each appeared as normal monarch pupae, with the light green color and gold spots characteristic of this species (Fig. 2A). We subsequently weighed each pupa and recorded weights of 1.01 g, 1.17 g, 1.01 g, and 1.09 g. This is slightly lower than the mass of captivereared offspring from adults collected at this same site in June 2003 (mean = 1.31 g, SD = 0.11 g, n = 53; A. K. Davis & B. Farrey, unpublished data). After each individual had eclosed and finished expanding its wings, we examined the wing morphology of each and could find no obvious aberrations to the normal monarch wing characteristics (Fig. 2B). Larvae with three sets of tubercles on segments 2, 5, and 11 are common in many species of Danaidae, including the queens and soldiers found in Florida. We are aware of no other published report of this form in monarch larvae. We offer that this could be due to a mutation or expression of a recessive trait due to inbreeding; or perhaps a rare hybridization event between monarchs and another danaid species. We thank N. Vitone for help rearing larvae. Sonia Altizer provided helpful comments on the manuscript." @default.
• W3146050306 created "2021-04-13" @default.
• W3146050306 creator A5033175848 @default.
• W3146050306 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W3146050306 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3146050306 title "MONARCH BUTTERFLY LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) WITH 3 TUBERCLE PAIRS IN SOUTH FLORIDA" @default.
• W3146050306 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
• W3146050306 type Work @default.
• W3146050306 sameAs 3146050306 @default.
• W3146050306 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W3146050306 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W3146050306 hasAuthorship W3146050306A5033175848 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C149923435 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C177756618 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C18903297 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C205649164 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C2777393815 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C2780028475 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C2780470511 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C2908647359 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C144024400 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C149923435 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C177756618 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C18903297 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C205649164 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C2777393815 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C2780028475 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C2780470511 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C2908647359 @default.
• W3146050306 hasConceptScore W3146050306C86803240 @default.
• W3146050306 hasLocation W31460503061 @default.
• W3146050306 hasOpenAccess W3146050306 @default.
• W3146050306 hasPrimaryLocation W31460503061 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W1839951757 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W1977304870 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W1993179185 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2128999775 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2167710210 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2176805841 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2181142645 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2189822413 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2285980776 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2315912670 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2318136619 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2320849849 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2321312886 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2337127203 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2341885977 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2384249722 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2422942321 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2524955262 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2902151275 @default.
• W3146050306 hasRelatedWork W2526499205 @default.
• W3146050306 isParatext "false" @default.
• W3146050306 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W3146050306 magId "3146050306" @default.
• W3146050306 workType "article" @default.